How Discrimination is effecting Sport Development

High Profile Incidents

Racism in matches in Russia and Italy.

Bananas and monkey chants towards people of black ethnicity.

Suarez and Evra.

Jesse Owens and Hitler 1936 Olympics.

Issues surrounding racism in sports development

• Numbers participating in sport from different ethnic backgrounds is lower than whites.
• 87% of the funding from UK sport went to white athletes
• UK sports staff has a huge 88% that are white
• 350 incidents surrounding racism in football since 2012 in the English football league
• Stereotyping in sports. Asians should play cricket whites football blacks playing basketball. Which leads to people not participating in other sports.
• Only 3 British Asians have played in the Premier league (Kickitout 2016)
• 55% of American college students believe that racism exists in college sports.

Ways sporting governing bodies have tried to tackle it

• Sporting initiatives such as show racism the red card and kick it out have been used to help tackle the issue.
• Asian Football Awards to encourage more Asians to participate in football.
• Uefa’s no to racism which is used during champions league games.
• Football in England have also had life time bans for fans who use racism in stadiums and given bans to players who have been caught using it.

Reference List

• "Annual Reports | UK Sport". Uksport.gov.uk. N.p., 2017. Web. 6 Apr. 2017.

• "Http://Www.Kickitout.Org/Campaigning/Asians-In-Football/". Kickitout.org. N.p., 2017. Web. 6 Apr. 2017.

• "Racism In Sports Survey Statistics And Results". Survelum.com. N.p., 2017. Web. 6 Apr. 2017.

• "Racism Is Rife In English Football With Over 350 Incidents Since 2012". Mail Online. N.p., 2017. Web. 6 Apr. 2017.

• Gardiner, G. (2003) ’Black’ Bodies – ‘White’ Codes: Indigenous Footballers, Racism and the Australian Football League’s Racial and Religious Vilification Code. in J. Bale, and M. Cronin, Sport and Postcolonialism, Oxford, Berg.

Sports

Paralympic sports = 29

(Paralympic.org, 2017)

Olympic sports = 57

(International Olympic Committee, 2017)

Physical Barriers

Staff

Facilities

Equipment

Health and Safety

Transport

Clubs

(Iwight.com, 2017)

(EFDS Report Disabled People’s Lifestyle Survey September 2013, 2013)

(Hampshire and Wight Disability Sports Guide, n.d.)

Funding

Olympic Funding = £265,145,887

Paralympic Funding = £70,883,540

(The United Kingdom Sports Council, 2017)

(Uksport.gov.uk, 2017)

Reference List

• Annual reports and accounts. (2016). 1st ed. [ebook] Sport England. Available at: https://www.sportengland.org/media/10839/sport-england-2015-16-annual-report.pdf [Accessed 4 Apr. 2017].
• EFDS Report Disabled People’s Lifestyle Survey September 2013. (2013). 1st ed.
• Hampshire and Wight Disability Sports Guide. (n.d.). 1st ed.
• International Olympic Committee. (2017). Sports | List of Summer and Winter Olympic Sports. [online] Available at: https://www.olympic.org/sports [Accessed 5 Apr. 2017].
• Iwight.com. (2017). Isle of Wight - Sport Clubs. [online] Available at: https://www.iwight.com/sportsdirectory/ [Accessed 5 Apr. 2017].
• Paralympic.org. (2017). Summer Sports - Paralympic Sport List. [online] Available at: https://www.paralympic.org/sports/summer [Accessed 5 Apr. 2017].
• The United Kingdom Sports Council. (2017). 1st ed. [ebook] UK Sport. Available at: http://www.uksport.gov.uk/resources/annual-reports [Accessed 4 Apr. 2017].
• Uksport.gov.uk. (2017). Current Funding Figures | UK Sport. [online] Available at: http://www.uksport.gov.uk/our-work/investing-in-sport/current-funding-figures [Accessed 4 Apr. 2017].

Religious Discrimination in Sport - Act

• Article 18, Section 3 of the International Covenant .
• Freedom of thought, conscience and religion.
• No one shall be a subject to discrimination because of their believes or religion.
• Freedom to manifest.

Muslim Women - Australia

• Muslim Women's Association and the NSW Sport and Recreation authority lobby to get local councils on board for women's only swimming.
• Muslim women’s swimwear has also encouraged greater participation in swimming.
• Bankstown gives grant to train women in aerobics so that they can train other women.
• In 2010 Netball Association allowed for Muslim dress in competition.

Muslim Women - UK

• Muslim females in Great Brittan have highest rates of reported ill health
• 16% of Muslim women ware in ‘’not good health’’.
• NHS England has recorded that ethnic minorities have the most health implications.
• However a survey has been done in the UK.
• More than 50 % of the women said no.
• ‘’If I did get the chance to go to the gym, I wouldn’t take that chance. I would rather use that free time to spend with my kids’’.

Prayers Rooms in Stadiums

• A lot of Christians believe that its very inappropriate for a Christian country to poses prayers rooms.

Safety or Discrimination?

• In many high profile countries weighing has been introduced to prevent terrorist attacks.
• Most of people believe it’s a good idea to prevent terrorist.
• However is it actually discrimination?
• Australian government has stated that this is necessary.
• France government demands taking off the turban at the check in area however its against their religion.
• Hawaiian Airlines have not let 264 passengers fly because of their weight in 2013.

Result's of Religious Discrimination

• All sporting participants, regardless of role, have a right to a fun, safe and healthy environment, where they are treated with respect, dignity and fairness.

• Discrimination (racial & religious) denies sporting participants these rights, and results in feelings of humiliation, embarrassment, anger and intimidation. These feelings can escalate into verbal and physical actions. 
• Sport exists everywhere, including: professional, amateur, social, school/university, and work. As a consequence, discrimination in sport can affect an individual’s athletic performance, life enjoyment, job security and work, academic achievement and health. 

Possible Solutions

• “Racism it stops with me”.
• ‘Kickitout’.
• Raising community awareness and taking responsibility as an individual.
• Holding awareness campaigns for example the Indigenous v NRL all-stars representative game. 

Reference List

• Annual Reports | UK Sport". Uksport.gov.uk. N.p., 2017. Web. 6 Apr. 2017.
• "Australian Sports Commission". Ausport.gov.au. N.p., 2017. Web. 6 Apr. 2017.
• "Religion And Sport: Do Prayers Help Players? - BBC News". BBC News. N.p., 2017. Web. 6 Apr. 2017.
• "Sport And Faith Groups | Sport England". Sportengland.org. N.p., 2017. Web. 6 Apr. 2017.
• "Sports Coach UK". Sportscoachuk.org. N.p., 2017. Web. 6 Apr. 2017.
• Sutcliffe, Richard et al. "Home - Funding 4 Sport". Funding 4 Sport. N.p., 2017. Web. 6 Apr. 2017.

Gender Discrimination- Stats

• 0% of the Olympic panel are female.
• UK sport funded 1,268 athletes as of march 31st 2016 and 56% of these were male.
• The most valuable women’s sport deal recorded in the World Sponsorship Monitor in 2013 totaled £450,000 (Continental-FA Women’s Super league).
• The most valuable men’s sport deal recorded in the World Sponsorship Monitor in 2013 totaled £280,000,000 (Adidas-Chelsea FC).
• Men's premier league yearly average wage- £2.4M.
• Female premier league yearly average wage-£26,000.

Stats- UK Sport/BBC-Media Coverage

• Women’s Sport makes up 7% of all sports media coverage in the UK Just over 10% of televised sports coverage is dedicated to women’s sport
• 2% of national newspaper sports coverage is dedicated to women’s sport
• 5% of radio sports coverage is dedicated to women’s sport
• 4% of online sports coverage is dedicated to women’s sport media coverage.

Gender Discrimination-Introduction

• There are many different types of gender discrimination within sport and it can be clearly identified in a wide range of sports.
• Some sports discriminate gender more than others, the main issue within gender discrimination is money, there are debates all over the world in which say women should get paid the same as men.
• There are different types of gender discrimination and can range from funding, to publicity on TV, to job roles.

Gender Discrimination- Impact on sport

• According to (Yiannakis and Melnick, 2001) gender discrimination within sport is making male athletes look greedy and selfless. This is because men in general make a lot more prize money and take in a lot more money for wages than women.
• This is not the males fault as they have nothing to do with this, however it’s the chairman's and owners of clubs in which the problem is coming from.
• According to the (Liston, 2006) males on a whole make more money for their clubs due to attendance, merchandise sales, and other sources of income therefore the clubs can afford to pay them more prize money and wages.

Gender Discrimination- Impact on sport

• However, from an outside perspective it can look as if male sports man are demanding more money when in reality they aren't, they make there clubs more money therefore the clubs can afford to pay them more.
• Adding to this, looking on the TV side, women's sport isn't on TV as much as men's sport which will limit the awareness of women’s sport as a whole which could damage the chances of women getting into sports.
• Finally, due to the male dominance and stereotype within sport its putting females off playing sport so on the whole gender discrimination is causing a decrease in participation in sport.

Reference List

• Yiannakis, A. and Melnick, M. (2001). Contemporary issues in sociology of sport. 1st ed. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.

• Bbc.co.uk. (2017). BBC - Home. [online] Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk [Accessed 6 Apr. 2017].

• Liston, K. (2006). Sport and Gender Relations. Sport in Society, 9(4), pp.616-633.

• Uksport.com. (2017). UK Sport: Football, Soccer, Rugby, Cricket, Golf, Tennis stories. [online] Available at: http://www.UKsport.com [Accessed 6 Apr. 2017].