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Physics Presentation: The Photoelectric Effect
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- Plank constant 6.63 x 10-34 J s
Photon:smallest particle of light
Is light a wave or a particle?
A photon is a particle representing a quantum of light or other electromagnetic radiation. A photon carries energy proportional to the radiation frequency but has zero rest mass.
f = the frequency of the incident light in hertz (Hz)
Ek = the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted electrons in joules (J)
Albert Einstine :
Born:
March 14th 1879 in Ulm Germany
April 18th 1955 in Princeton, New Jersey, United States
Died:
Einstein's Discoverys:
Albert Einstein
1905:foundation of quantum theory
1905: developed a theory of Brownian motion
1905:developed the theory of special relativity
1905:developed the concept of Mass–energy equivalence
1907-15:developed the theory of general relativity
1909:showed that the photon carries momentum as well as energy
1917:published the idea for the Einstein–Brillouin–Keller method
1918:developed a general theory of the process by which atoms emit and absorb electromagnetic radiation
1924:developed the theory of Bose–Einstein statistics and Bose–Einstein condensates
1935:put forword the EPR paradox
1921 at 41 years of age
Albert playing the piano,one of his favourite hobbies
Albert Einstein's Biography:
Biography
Who Was Albert Einstein?
Albert Einstein (March 14, 1879 to April 18, 1955) was a German mathematician and physicist who developed the special and general theories of relativity. In 1921, he won the Nobel Prize for physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect. In the following decade, he immigrated to the U.S. after being targeted by the Nazis. His work also had a major impact on the development of atomic energy. In his later years, Einstein focused on unified field theory. With his passion for inquiry, Einstein is generally considered the most influential physicist of the 20th century.
In his free timeone of Albert's favorite things to do was to play the violine
Albert Einstein grew up in a secular Jewish family. His father, Hermann Einstein, was a salesman and engineer who, with his brother, founded Elektrotechnische Fabrik J. Einstein & Cie, a Munich-based company that manufactured electrical equipment. Albert’s mother, the former Pauline Koch, ran the family household. Einstein had one sister, Maja, born two years after him
Family
Einstein’s Wives and Children
Albert Einstein married Milena Maric on Jan. 6, 1903. While attending school in Zurich, Einstein met Maric, a Serbian physics student. Einstein continued to grow closer to Maric, but his parents were strongly against the relationship due to her ethnic background. Nonetheless, Einstein continued to see her, with the two developing a correspondence via letters in which he expressed many of his scientific ideas. Einstein’s father passed away in 1902, and the couple married thereafter.
Albert's Brain
During Albert Einstein’s autopsy, Thomas Stoltz Harvey removed his brain, reportedly without the permission of his family, for preservation and future study by doctors of neuroscience. However during his life Einstein participated in brain studies, and at least one biography says he hoped researchers would study his brain after he died. Einstein's brain is now located at the Princeton University Medical Center, and his remains were cremated and his ashes scattered in an undisclosed location, following his wishes.
In 1999, Canadian scientists who were studying Einstein’s brain found that his inferior parietal lobe, the area that processes spatial relationships, 3D-visualization and mathematical thought, was 15 percent wider than in people with normal intelligence. According to The New York Times, the researchers believe it may help explain why Einstein was so intelligent
Brain
Did Einstine discover the photoelectric effect on his own?
Max Plank
Method
In 1887, Heinrich Hertz discovered that electrodes illuminated with ultraviolet light create electric sparks more easily. In 1900, while studying black-body radiation, the German physicist Max Planck suggested that the energy carried by electromagnetic waves could only be released in "packets" of energy. In 1905, Albert Einstein published a paper advancing the hypothesis that light energy is carried in discrete quantized packets to explain experimental data from the photoelectric effect. This model contributed to the development of quantum mechanics. In 1914, Robert Millikan's experiment supported Einstein's model of the photoelectric effect. Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1921 for "his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect", and Millikan was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1923 for "his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect".
The answer is on,he had a healping hand from a few gentelmen such as Max Plank and Heinrich Hertz,Eintines work was also supported by Robert Millikan
of discovery
Heinrich Hertz
Explanation:
Explanation:
The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons or other free carriers when light shines on a material. Electrons emitted in this manner can be called photo electrons. This phenomenon is commonly studied in electronic physics, as well as in fields of chemistry, such as quantum chemistry or electrochemistry.
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We are able to read the scientific article published by Einstine on the Photoelectric effect :http://astro1.panet.utoledo.edu/~ljc/PE_eng.pdf
Application:
Two of the most important applications of the photoelectric effect are the photoelectric cell (or photocell) and solar cells. A photocell usually consists of a vacuum tube with two electrodes. One electrode in a photocell consists of a metal (the cathode) that will emit electrons when exposed to light. The other electrode (the anode) is given a positive electric charge compared to the cathode. When light shines on the cathode, electrons are emitted and then attracted to the anode. An electron current flows in the tube from cathode to anode. The current can be used to operate a system. The system can be made to respond to light,, or it can be sensitive to the removal of light. Photocells are commonly used in factories. Items on a conveyor belt pass between a beam of light and a photocell. As each item passes the beam, it interrupts the light, the current in the photocell stops, and a counter is turned on. Photocells are also installed on light poles to turn street lights on and off at dusk and dawn. In addition, photocells are used as exposure meters in cameras. They measure the exact amount of light entering a camera, allowing a photographer to adjust the camera's lens to the correct setting
Application:
Objects that use the photoelectric effect:photos
List of objects that use the photoelectric effect
Solar Energy Panels:
Photocells are also the basic unit in the solar energy panels that convert some of the energy in sunlight into electrical energy. These panels are able to operate billboards and safety lights in remote areas far from power lines (Walker, 988). Large solar panels (240 ft.) will power the International Space Station.
Automatic Doors:
Many elevators and garage-door systems use a beam of light and a photoelectric device known as a photocell as a safety feature. As long as the beam of light strikes the photocell, the photoelectric effect generates enough ejected electrons to produce a detectable electric current. (Walker, 988) When the light beam is blocked (by a person) the electric current is interrupted and the doors are signaled to open.
Others that use Solar Energy
Pocket Calculators
Turn on Safety Lights
Others that use a Photocell
Television Camera Tubes
Light-Activated Counters
Automatic Doors
Intrusion Alarms
Turn on Street Lights at Dawn