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Why Sociology?
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Why Sociology?
Sociology of Knowledge
Claim #1
Is Sociology Relevant?
Sociology encourages the interrogation of unchecked, limited understanding of an individual's view of broader social patterns.
How do people understand social reality?
How do people understand social reality?
News Consumption
Films
Claim #2
Sociology
Is Sociology Different?
The fascination of sociology lies in the fact that it is a perspective makes us see in a new light the very world in which we have lived all our lives" (Berger 5).
Sociology and Other Forms of Knowledge
Pre-sociological thinking...
False Equvelancy...
What about this (isms)...
I did my research...
Claim #3
Questioning
Questions of Sociology
Sociology is the critical investigation of:
1) How Society is possible;
2) How is social knowledge shared;
3) How does conflict shape social
relations;
4) Why is there suffering;
5) How do different social groups form;
6) Are we truly free and
7) Is Religion Necessary?
Sociology questions/ problematizes ideas most people do not ask by examining basic assumptions about different issues.
Taken for Granted Assumptions
Social Inquiry
"Scientifically thinking groups are generally groups which criticize or reject the dominant and commonly accepted ideas of their society, even when these ideas are upheld by recognized authorities, for they have found that they do not correspond to the observable facts. By factual observation, they endeavor to replace myths, religious ideas, metaphysical speculations and unproven images of natural processes with theories..."(52).
Norbert Elais
Border Wall
Trump claims that a 2,000 mile border wall would cost "initially $4 billion and later estimated $6 billion to $7 billion. By April 2017, he put it at $10 billion or less."
Secretary of Homeland Security John F. Kelly said the drop -- as measured by arrests and people halted from entering the country at the border -- is around 40% for the first two months of the year. Typically, January and February are busy months for illegal border crossings.
In July 2016, Bernstein Research, a firm that analyzes material costs, put the price tag at $15 billion to $25 billion, for a wall that stretches 1,000+ miles and is 40 feet high, which was Trump’s initial desired height.
1. Rational (logical) Proof:
Rational proof is what is called logic in today's understanding. Logic demands careful evaluation of facts by not jumping to conclusions; understanding that belief is not sufficient evidence to make sound and reasonable claims.
Types of Rationalization
Empirical Proof is understanding by careful, and a well set of structured observations. Charon (2005) claims "[e]mpirical proof trusts careful observation in measuring the truth or falsehood of an idea. An idea is rationally developed, but then it must be empirically tested—that is, tested against
what we can see in the universe around us" (9).
Empirical Proof
Ways of Knowing
1) Quantitative method
2) Qualitative method
Ways of Knowing
Quantitative Method
An object is measured by a certain quantity, frequency, and magnitude.
Quantitative Method
1) Current global population is 8 Billion people.
2) As of 2020 the US prison population is The American criminal justice system holds almost 2.3 million people in 1,833 state prisons, 110 federal prisons, 1,772 juvenile correctional facilities, 3,134 local jails, 218 immigration detention facilities, and 80 Indian Country jails as well as in military prisons, civil commitment centers, state psychiatric hospitals, and prisons in the U.S. territories (Prison Policy Initiative, March 24, 2020).
Qualitative Method
Studies show how meaning and interpretation is constructed and understood by categorical descriptions.
Religious Communities & Practices
Wealth & Poverty
Qualitative Method
Objectivity
Sociological Orientation
Different forms/ notions of Object/ Objectivity:
1. To assume there is a means of checking bias/
prejudice in social research (Objective).
2. To take a thing and make it into an "object" for study
(e.g. Society, Religion, Politics, Gender, Class, & Race)
3. To achieve a goal, an ends to a means (Objective).
4. To transform an animate object into an inanimate
thing/ item (Object).
Different forms of Subject/ Subjectivity
Subjectivity
1. To take an object and making it a focal
point of investigation (Subject Matter).
2. To view how personal experiences
shape social knowledge [commonsense]
(Subjectivity).
3. To understand if personal experience can
shape research projects? (Subjective Bias)
1. Natural Law assumes nature is governed by
predictable regularities, that there is an order
(Charon 2010).
Two Assumptions of Science
2. Natural cause assumes that there is natural
law (ibid).
Institutions
Institutions are social behaviors that have become habituated (routinized) social and individual patterns.
Race/ Ethnicity
Marrigae/ Family
Peer Groups
Social Patterns
Labor/ Employment
Gender / Sexuality
Nationality/ Nationalism
Community/ Social Ties
The City/ Urbanism
Social Thinkers
Max Weber
Karl Marx
Emile Durkheim