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Acidification of Swedish lakes 1960-1970

Introduction

Consequences

Causes

Deposition of acidic particles resulted in the acidification of Swedish lakes in the 1960s and 1970s -> degradation of systems

Ecosystems:

20% of Swedish lakes are acidified

short-term solution: liming

  • Acid sensitive plants and animals disappear if pH < 6; others thrive

Health:

  • Respiratory diseases
  • Release of heavy metals into water supply and food chain

Figure 2: From greenhouse gases to acid rain.

Influences

Fall to the ground as dry or wet deposits

-> Acid rain

Transported by wind and react to acidic compounds

  • International cooperation -> (inter-) national laws to reduce SO2 and NOx were effective
  • Awareness of human influences on ecosystems

Due to industrial boom after world wars

Acidifies soils and water systems

Burning of fossil fuel releases SO2 and NOx emissions

References:

[1] Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. (2013, january). Modeling Past and Future Acidification of Swedish Lakes (Nr. 1). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-012-0360-8

[2] Acid Rain. (z.d.). [Illustration]. Acid Rain. https://58bd33a321daa38adc2e5ca7a26d8629.jpg

[3] Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. (1999, november). Acid Rain (Nr. 1). Natur Vårds Verket. https://chemistry.beloit.edu/Rain/copy/acidrain.pdf

Figure 3: Graph containing sulfur dioxide emissions in Europe.

Figure 1: Map of pH of Swedish lakes

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