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The Umayyad Caliphate

By: Avery Stark and Ethan Hall

Thesis

The Umayyad caliphate was the most significant Medieval civilization as shown by their extensive territorial control, their fascinating architecture and design and the cultural affects made.

Cultural

  • Fought many wars
  • The Ummayads were followers of Islam

Background Knowledge

Architecture

TIMELINE

  • The Umayyad Caliphate was the second of four major caliphates established after the death of the prophet Muhammad

  • The Umayyad rule was divided into two families: The Sufyānids (661-684) and the Marwanids ( 684-750)

  • Civil war and the death of Yazid I in 683 and Muawiyah II in 684 brought Sufyanid rule to an end.

  • In 756 almost all of the Umayyad princes were massacred by their rivals, the Abbasids
  • Muhammed had unified the people before he had died, and after he died, the people did not split, instead the first caliphate was born

Some Umayyad structures are still used today such as the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem

Civil War and the death of Yazid and his son bring sufyanid rule to an end and Marwan 1 becomes Caliph, beginning Marwanid rule

717

756

684

All but one Umayyad house member is hunted down and killed by the Abassids.

Umayyads Syrian army is defeated by the Byzantine emperor Leo 3

Mu-āwiyah wins the civil war and is the first Umayyad caliph

Under the rule of Abd al Malik the Umayyads expand into India and central Asia

The last Umayyad Caliph Marwan 2 is defeated at the battle of the Great Zab River in Mesopotamia

Most of the buildings are religious sites (Mosques)

750

685-705

661

Even with the growing age of these they are still used often

Territorial Control

-At the peak the Umayyads covered 4,300,000 square miles

-Controlled from the Coast of Spain to the West border of modern day India

-Umayyyad expansion was halted by the presence of other empires such as the Byzantine

Works cited

Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. (n.d.). Hishām ibn ʿAbd al-Malik. Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hisham-ibn-Abd-al-Malik

Khan, S. M. (2023, December 2). Umayyad dynasty. World History Encyclopedia. https://www.worldhistory.org/Umayyad_Dynasty/

Khan Academy. (n.d.). The Umayyads (661–749 C.E.) (article). Khan Academy. https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-islam/chronological-periods-islamic/islamic-art-early/a/the-umayyads-661749-ce

https://www.worldhistory.org#organization. (n.d.). Umayyad dynasty timeline. World History Encyclopedia RSS. https://www.worldhistory.org/timeline/Umayyad_Dynasty/

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