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"That was the beginning of the Cuban Missile Crisis – a confrontation between the two giant atomic nations, the U.S. and the U.S.S.R., which brought the world to the abyss of nuclear destruction and the end of mankind.”
— Thirteen Days: A Memoir of the Cuban Missile Crisis
The Cuban Missile Crisis involved a tension of nuclear weaponry and missiles between leaders of the Soviet Union and the U.S., with military and political confrontation over thirteen days in October 1962. A turning point arrived when Soviet Union proposed their removal of the missiles with the precondition that the U.S. would not invade Cuba, and the U.S. admitted to this agreement.
“a victory” for USSR
Cuba's interests
Guantanamo Bay
“Now that the Cold War has disappeared into history, we can say authoritatively that the world came closest to blowing itself up during thirteen days in October 1962.”
—Arthur Schlesinger
“it was the American president’s responsibility to deal with his own public”.
"In a television broadcast on October 22, 1962, the president notified Americans about the presence of the missiles, explained his decision to enact the blockade and made it clear that the U.S. was prepared to use military force if necessary to neutralize this perceived threat to national security."
After the announcement of the crisis and Kennedy’s decision of military action, the public that was informed through television underwent a panic of an outbreak of nuclear war.
Broadcast
Civilian preparation
Time for cooperation with the OAS and the United Nations to achieve resolutions and protective measures on the Western Hemisphere against missiles.
Their political structure of democracy penetrating from the top of the pyramid to the bottom.
U.S.
The crisis was ended through compromise rather than coercion.
from President Kennedy to Khrushchev
“There were almost daily communications with Khrushchev. On Monday, October 22, the day of his speech to the nation, President Kennedy sent a long letter and a copy of his statement directly to the Soviet Chairman…:
‘In our discussions and exchanges on Berlin and other international questions, the one thing that has most concerned me has been the possibility that your Government would not correctly understand the will and determination of the United States in any given situation, since I have not assumed that you or any other sane man would, in this nuclear age, deliberately plunge the world into war which it is crystal clear no country could win and which could only result in catastrophic consequences to the whole world, including the aggressor.’”
"They had information on a limited basis given the centralized control of the media. The information about America and the blockade. There was information that Soviet ships were moving toward Cuba. There was information that Soviet armed forces and the forces of the Warsaw Pact had to be prepared. There were no apocalyptic pictures in the newspapers, that tomorrow you could be killed."