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"..a condition exhibiting one or more of the following characteristics over a long period of time and to a marked degree that adversely affects a child's educational performance:
1. An inability to learn that cannot be explained by intellectual.
2. An inability to build or maintain satisfactory interpersonal relationships with peers and teachers.
3. Inappropriate types of behavior or feelings under normal circumstances.
4. A general pervasive mood of unhappiness or depression.
If a student demonstrates behaviors listed above they may be considered to have a behavior problem.
A psychologist is most likely to be able to provide an appropriate diagnosis for a child.
1- Impulsive
2- Inattentive, distractible
3- Poor concentration
4- Demonstrates aggressive behavior
5- Difficulty working in groups
Two groups of emotional problems:
1_Externalizing behaviors: constitute acting -out style that could be described as aggressive, impulsive, coercive, and noncompliant.
2_Internalizing behaviors: are typical of an inhibited style that could be described as withdrawn, lonely, depressed, and anxious.
Emotional symptoms can be positive or negative and can come from within you or be a reaction to your environment. Include:
1. Anxiety problems
2. Depressive problems
3. Behavioral problems
4. Personality problems
They are experience of having worry, fear, trepidation. Anxiety can manifest in one’s mood, behavior, thoughts and emotions. Although anxiety can be unpleasant, normal amount of it can help people to recognize and more effectively deal with stressful situations.
Depressive problems include:
This disorder is an illness that involves the body, mood & thoughts. It affects person’s eats & sleep. People with this illness cannot merely “pull themselves together” and get better. Without treatment symptoms can last for weeks, months, or years.
These disorders affect the way a child or youth acts or behave. Some people think that a child who suffers from these disorders is “bad” and blame parents but, these problems are real.
They are a group of mental conditions characterized by abnormal experiences or behavior with respect to thinking mood, personal relations and impulse control. People with these disorders have a long term history of behaviors and experiences that don’t conform the expectation of the culture or society. These can cause them stress or reduced ability with respect to their personal, social and working life.
A. Environmental causes:
I. School and society
II. Bullying
III. Trauma
B. Biological causes:
I. Heredity
II. Blood pressure
III. Poor Sleeping
IV. Medication and Chronic medical conditions
C. Family Life:
I. Family Problems
I. School and society :
_ Social rejection by peers can worsen an emotional condition, making it more difficult for the child with a behavior problem to develop the necessary skills to deal with his issues. Children in these situations may withdraw or become overly aggressive in an attempt to control their situation
II. Bullying :
_ Studies have shown that bullying is not one of the main causes of emotional problems such as depression, anxiety and loneliness, and when it stops, the child's condition improves, but if it coincides with the presence of these problems already, it will make the situation worse.
III. Trauma :
_ Violence, rape, war and natural disasters are known to create a set of emotional issues in victims known as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD : the most severe form of psychological trauma) People with PTSD may suffer from memories that take the form of nightmares or flashbacks. They may feel terrified in ordinary situations, be easily startled and live in a state of wakefulness.
Heredity :
that behavioral and emotional problems in children may be influenced by neurological, biochemical or genetic factors. ( unconfirmed theory )
Emotional trauma is more likely to be related to attachment issues and to be caused by neglect rather than abuse, according to the Santa Barbara Graduate Institute Center for Clinical Studies and Research. Bonding between mother and child that begins at birth has a profound effect on the infant's brain development and structure. Early separation, emotionally unavailable caretakers or illness can interfere with the attachment process and initiate insecurity. Many families struggle with addictions, depression or grief.
Losses include divorce, serious illness or death. Living in a dangerous neighborhood or dealing with an alcoholic parent may also take a toll on emotional development. One effect of chronic stress and early trauma is vulnerability, so that children grow up less able to deal with stressful situations. When families need help, and they don't get it, the stage is set for emotional issues to arise.
Electroconvulsive therapy (ETC)
motional problems and mental illnesses can be treated in a variety of ways, including psychotherapy, medication, or physical treatments. Psychotherapy, or Talking therapy," is an effective and commonly prescribed method of treatment for mild to moderate cases of emotional and mental disorders. In more severe cases, psychotherapy is used in combination with medication or physical treatments
Psychosurgery
study of the relationship between biochemical processes of the brain and mental illness resulted in the development of psychiatric medication.
benefitted from the use of these medications. However, many psychiatric drugs have side effects, some of which are severe, so close medical supervision necessary while taking the drugs. With proper monitoring, psychiatric drugs can be a part of a safe, therapeutic approach to alleviating the negative effects of mental illness.
treatment that employ psychological methods
person leams how to handle lift.
-Psychoanalysis:level of awareness of the individual's repressed subconscious feelings.
-Behavior therapy: treatment based on the belief that many types of behavior are learned. a behavior therapist focuses on the individual's observable behavior and tries to help the individual control it.
-Cognitive therapy: involves helping people change the patterns of thinking responsible for their emotional distress.
-Group therapy: It is a form of psychotherapy treatment
group of people,discuss their mental and emotional problems.
-Psychodrama:therapeutic technique inindividual or members of a group create and act out situations based on their personal conflicts.
-Play therapy:individual psychotherapy or group therapy. In both instances, the therapist observes the play activity.
-Family therapy: Family problems can be treated with family therapy.
caused by low levels of neurotransmitters, chemicals of the nervous system.
Antidepressant drugs:relieve the symptoms of depression,increasing the level of neurotransmitters present in the brain.
Antipsychotic drugs:used to relieve delusions,hallucinations and other psychotic symptoms.
Anti anxiety drugs:sedativessedatives or minor tranquilizers, are used to relieve anxiety or tension. By suppressing the brain chemistry responsible for anxiety.
Mood stabilizers: like lithium, are used to treat bipolar depression.
Help students cope with stress.emotional distress,Physical reactionsabdominal pain, asthma, hives, chest pains, and dizziness can emerge if students don't address the causes of stress or if they aren't taught effective coping strategies. Chronic stress can lead to depression.
-Is the elementary step at this level of management .
- educator must control the deviant or disturbing emotions .
-Students with emotional disturbances are frequently the targets.
-both teacher and students can address inappropriate behavior, understand consequences, and develop a shared approach to behavior in class and toward one another by Having classroom management plan .
- The student having emotional problem is the one who know the root of the problem.
- educator can teach him to go deeper into the problem and notice its starting point.
- In this way he can know the best possible solution using all his resources.
- Educator has to tell the student to control his emotions and ensure this student that he is here to help him.
Communication with the student's family is the most important components of any school program.
helps to know the significant members of a child's family and the part they play in a student's life.
talking to a family about their child's behavior in school, the following approaches may enlist their support:
1- Actively listen to family members.
2- Discuss with parents that if they are having any issue in their family.
3-Tell them to have patience while dealing with the child.
Help students establish positive peer relationships.
Positive peer relationships foster tolerance of others, help students build effective interpersonal skills, and promote self-confidence.
Students will most likely struggle if you impose a long list of complicated rules and demands upon them.
Try to keep your classroom guidelines broad and simple no more than 3 to 5 main rules. Let students know about them on the first day of class, and post them in the classroom as well. An example list might be: Be on Time, Try Your Best, Be Polite, and Respect One Another
Work out a means of silently communicating with the student so that you do not have to call him
out in front of his peers. If, for example, the child's demeanor changes when he becomes mad, you could create a symbol that silently asks him if he needs to take a break and calm down.
Use Journaling
Encourage the student to get in touch with his emotions by journaling. Present the student with a notebook and explain to him that, instead of having an outburst if he becomes angry or frustrated, he can open his journal and record his thoughts and feelings. Use the entry as a jumping-off point from which you can explore the things that are bothering him and help him solve any problems that he is having.
Community pharmacists can have an impact on mental-health outcomes by educating patients about psychiatric drugs to improve adherence, recognizing mental illness through observation and screening, providing resources and referrals for patients who may need them, and evaluating medication lists for drugs that may alter patients’ mental status.
Because mental illness is so prevalent and many patients are prescribed psychotropic medications, it is important for community pharmacists, as the most accessible healthcare providers, to be well informed. Some pharmacists may feel uncomfortable owing to social stigma surrounding mental health. However, if pharmacists are aware of the role they can play within mental health, they can be useful resources for these patients and improve their overall care.
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