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social control

  • social and cultural forces that regulate or patrol individual and group behaviors
  • these forces may pressure people to conform to social/cultural norms; or abide by the rules of a community, nation, or social structure
  • these forces may be explicit or implicit, direct or indirect

surveillance

sur = from above

veill = watching

  • observation, inspection, monitoring, patrolling
  • surveillance typically involves the managing or controlling of people's behaviors

the panopticon

  • "pan" = all
  • "opticon" = seeing/observing
  • originally a prison imagined by Jeremy Bentham in 1791
  • a design for surveilling prisoners
  • often a metaphor for all-seeing control
  • in Greek mythology, Panoptes was a giant with a hundred eyes

The building circular—A cage, glazed—a glass lantern [...] The prisoners in their cells, occupying the circumference—The officers in the centre.

By blinds and other contrivances, the inspectors concealed […] from the observation of the prisoners:

hence the sentiment of a sort of omnipresence—

[...] One station in the inspection part affording the most perfect view of every cell.

-Jeremy Bentham

the gaze

  • the gaze (Jacques Lacan)
  • the white gaze (George Yancy)
  • the medical gaze (Michel Foucault)
  • the male gaze (Laura Mulvey)
  • the policing gaze
  • the surveilling gaze
  • the imperial/postcolonial gaze

(E. Ann Kaplan & Edward Said)

  • to look at; to look intently or watch steadily
  • ( connected)the awareness of being visible & sometimes cause for anxiety

voyeurism: taking sexual pleasure in looking or watching, e.g. the Peeping Tom

the voyeur: French for “one who looks”

THE MALE GAZE

  • film critic Laura Mulvey defined the male gaze in her 1975 essay "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema"
  • in it, she argues that film cameras tend to adopt a "male gaze" in their depiction of women and women's bodies

scopophilia: pleasure in looking;

Sigmund Freud called this “Schaulust.”

scopophobia: fear of being looked at

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