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Rhetoric
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Rhetoric ( Greek - “oratory”) is a philological discipline that studies the art of speech, the rules for constructing artistic speech, oratory, eloquence.
Homeland of rhetoric
Sophists taught practical eloquence, and composed
speeches for the needs of citizens.
They laid the foundations of rhetoric as a science of oratory. Rhetoric in the days of the sophists was "the queen of all sciences."
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Plato and Cicero represent two opposing points of view.
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Cicero: “If we are talking about what is really excellent, then the palm belongs to the one who is both learned and eloquent. If we agree to call him both an orator and a philosopher, then there is nothing to argue about, if these two concepts are separated, then the philosophers will be lower than the speakers because the perfect speaker has all the knowledge of philosophers, and the philosopher does not always have the oratory of the speaker; ”
According to Plato, true philosophy is alien to rhetoric, truth does not need any decoration.According to Plato, before speaking, a speaker should clearly define the subject of this speech and learn the truth about it. In addition, the speaker needed to know the nature of human souls.
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Aristotle
He defines the subject of rhetoric as “the ability to find possible ways of persuading about each given subject ... Some of them depend on the character of the speaker, others on one or another mood of the listener, others on the speech itself."
Marcus Fabius Quintilianus
The main thing in the rhetoric was:
for the Greeks for the romans
art of persuading the art of speaking well
In the Middle Ages: rhetoric becomes the art of decorating speech. Since that time, she turned not only to oral, but also to written texts. Medieval rhetoric was written in Latin. Rhetoric in national languages appears in Europe in the XVI-XIX centuries.