Columbian Exchange - Tea & Tobacco

Origin

Originated from China around 2750 BC

It took 3,000 years for tea to become popular in China during the Tang Dynasty.

**Archaeological evidence suggests that approxmately 6,000 years tea was originally eaten as a vegetable.**

Origin

The Spread

The Spread

Tea was first spread and introduced to priests and merchants in China during the 16th century.

It was then shipped in 1610 to Britain and introduced throughout a few decades later in 1650.

In 1657, Thomas Garway had an idea of offering tea to the public and it helped tea become the drink of choice

**Tea soon became a drink to distinguish upper and middle class with the 1772 tea tax.**

Where it Spread

The presence of tea was strong in China, the Netherlands, England and Russia.

The Dutch were the first to drink tea in Europe.

Europe then spread tea to their American colonies, especially the 13 British colonies in North America.

Where it Spread

Profit

Tea was extremely profitable due to its vast use and taxation from its cosumption.

The American colonies had a tremendous tea tax coming from Britain, with Britain receiving a 10th of its tax income from this.

In the 18th century, a revolution occured to save the East Indian Co. when Britain decided to cut out the middle man and sell Chinese tea directly to their American colonies.

China also profited from tea trade receiving an economic boost everytime their tea was bought and traded.

Who Profitted

South and Eastern Asia profited from tea because it was a major cash crop grown.

The British Empire also profited because they established a monopoly with the East India Co. with their American colonies.

Who Profited

Impact on Labor Practices

Tea was grown on estates, with the laborers living and working on the land that was lent to them by the land owners.

The Feudal society in China contributed to how tea was grown.

With many of the laborers living in poverty and relying on the land owner for food, water and a place to sleep.

Impact on Environment

Impact on Environment

China, India and North Africa is where tea was grown.

China was the original location where tes was grown. However, Britain grew tea in India and North Africa when they started trading directly with their colonies.

There were not many negative effects to the growth of tea, but deforestation did occur to clear land for tea to be planted.

Incorporated into the Culture

(Example)

Tea beame an exotic medicine that was promoted as a safe alternative to gin and was product widely consumed. In England and other countries tea became a staple and a part of daily life. With the development of "tea tie" that was not only followed by European countries but their colonies as well.

Incorporated into the Culture

(Example)

Incorporated into the Culture

(Example)

Tea became highly valuable because of its increasing use and political importance. It began to account for a 10th of British tax income due to the large quantities which it was consumed in. Britain had imported 15 million pounds of tea annually and consumption increased 200x from 1700 to 1750.

Causes of the Columbian Exchange

Causes of the Columbian Exchange

The Columbian Exchange began with Christopher Columbus when he landed in the Bahamas instead of Asia. Although Christopher Columbus did not land in the country which he had voyaged to, he did discover "new" land with a multitude of resoures and vast amounts of new people. The Spanish Crown had sent Christopher Columbus on this voyage to increase their wealth, and he did, but in an unexpected way. Once the Spanish had discovered part of the Americas and brought back people and resoures Spain and other countries planned more voyages. The Portuguese, Dutch, English and other European groups rushed to the Americas to colonize and obtain new resources.

Effects of the Columbian Exchange on the Old World

The Old World received a plentiful amount of positive items from the New Word, unlike much of what the Old World sent. Many foods and other crops grown in the Americas were brought over and sold for profit. The numerou new foods found grown in the Americas ave the Old World new nutritional sources, and crops for recreation. Such as tobacco,

Effects of the Columbian Exchange on the Old World

Effects of the Columbian Exchange on the New World

Effects of the Columbian Exchange on the New World

As Europeans travered the Atlantic they brought with them plants, animals and diseases. The animals provided alterate sources of food for the natives that integrated themselves into their culture; other animals, such as horss, transformed hunting and gathering. Diseases, namely chickenpox, measles, mumps, and smallpox were brought to the new world and decimated the population of Native Americans, leaving gaps in culture and native population. Some crops were brought to the Americas for production on plantations.

Origin

Tobacco originated in South America with the Native Americans that lived there.

It was thought the Mayanns were who originally started using tobacco, around 1 BCE

Origin

The Spread

The Spread

Tobacco was unknown in Europe before 1492, but starte to be imported in great quantities by the 1550s.

It had reached the shores of Europe by the turn of the 16th century.

By the beginning of the 17h century tobacco had spread to all areas in Europe.

Where it Spread

Tobacco was adopted quickly by Europeans, but they were not the only ones to use the crop.

France, Portugal, England, the 13 colonies in North America and Japan were some of the places that cosumed tobacco the most.

English, French, Dutch, Spanish and Portuguese colonies grew th crop for the New World Market that sent the crop back to the Old World.

Profit

Tobacco was extremely profitable, demonstrated by how the crop was universally adopted as a substitute for currency in many parts of the world.

This crop was a cash crop and was a part of the plantation agriculture since it was grown on plantations in masss for sale for medicinal and recreational purposes.

Profit

Who Profited

Europe overall benefitted from the trade of tobacco as it was extremely valuable and used for currency.

The Spanish and Portuguese grew this crop for a proft.

The British Empire also profited as they began to dominate the Americas and trade tobacco with their colonies.

Impact on Labor Practices

Impact on Labor Practices

Immense amounts of labor were required to grow the amount of tobacco that was demanded for a profit to be made from the crop.

Tobacco was one of the crops that increased the need for cheap, easy, possibly free labor in the Americas.

The growth of tobacco was largely built upon the backs of colonial laborers and chattel slavery that was supplied with slaves from Africa.

Impact on Environment

Impact on Environment

Tobacco has the ability to grow in a variety of different temperate to tropical climates allowing it to be grown in many Old World countries.

However, the act of growing tobacco did not spread to Europe. It was forbidden to grow in countries such as Britain and Japan, where severe penalities would be inforced if it was found growing.

There was not a dramatic impact on the environment as it's growth was contained in the Americas.

Incorporated into the Culture

(Example)

Incorporated into the Culture

(Example)

Tobaccoo began being used heavily in Europe and became increasingly valuable although it was originally seen with a negative connotation. However, after its European introduction, it was considered and consumed as a medicine by the Europeans. In 1560, a French ambassador to Portugal, Jean Nicot de Villemain announced that tobacco was "cure-all." Tobacco became being used as a medicine in the life of the majority Europeans by the beginning of the 17th century.

Incorporated into the Culture

(Example)

Besides being consumed, tobacco has also been used used as a currency at various times and locations. In Maryland, nearly all business transactions including debts, fines, and fees were conducted in terms of tobacco; fees for marriage licenses were paid in tobacco and laws imposed fines measured in pounds of tobacco. During the American Revolution, the revoluntionary government of America used tobacco as collateral for part of its loans and finances. Buddhists monks also used tobacco seeds as a method of payment for their pilgramages in Japan.

Resources

Resources

• The Colmbian Exchange: A History of Disease, Food and Ideas - Nathan Nunn and Nacy Qian
• The Columbian Exchange - Khan Academy
• Columbian Exchange - Britannica
• Unit 4.3 Columbian Exchange - AMSCO AP Edition World History
• Columbian Exchange: Tobacco History - Darren Hanscom (Prezi)
• The European Tobacco Trade from the 15th and 17th Centuries - University of Minnesota