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After the Second World War, the economic system in PRL was closely related to the Polish system in the years 1945–1989, modeled on the Soviet solutions. Its main feature was the subordination of the economy to political goals. In this period, the economy was characterized by significant disproportions in the development of individual sectors of the economy - the high share of investments in GDP and the underdevelopment of services and housing construction were particularly noticeable, and excessive money issuance resulted in an inflationary overhang. The economy was characterized by a high level of waste, energy consumption, ineffectiveness and harmfulness to the environment
The economy is divided into 3 main divisions - agriculture, industry and services. In Poland, as in most places in the world, agriculture developed first. From the 19th century on, industry began to develop on a large scale.
Agricultural land covers about 60% of the area of Poland, and constitute a large part of the Polish economy. The main crops in Poland are cereals, including wheat, triticale, rye, maize and barley. Among the non-cereal crops important are potatoes, sugar beets, rapeseed, as well as vegetables and fruits are important.
Pigs, cattle and poultry are the main farm animals in Poland. In addition, sheep, goats, horses, rabbits and other fur animals, as well as fish are bred. The animals are kept mostly for meat, and also for hides, fats, milk and eggs. In Poland, poultry meat has been produced the most for several years, although previously pork was always dominant.
The raw materials and energy sector in Poland is a driving force for the entire economy. The largest companies in the country are refineries in Płock and Gdańsk, Energy companies, KGHM (Kombinat Górniczo-Hutniczy Miedzi) and coal companies. Among the processing industry, the production of means of transport develops the best. Many products from Poland go to foreign markets - apart from the above-mentioned, we also export copper, chemicals, furniture and food.
The growing importance of the service sector is an important testimony to the transformation of the socialist economy into a capitalist economy, and at the same time a testimony to its modernization.
Among the service industries, the largest employment is in trade, but it will decrease due to the development of trade on the Internet. The Internet itself and the related telecommunications industry are developing very quickly. The largest service companies in Poland are banks, chains of large-format stores and mobile telephony operators. Private transport companies are also doing well.
Machines, devices and transport equipment are the Polish export hit; passenger cars, trucks, engines (reciprocating, combustion engines, turbojets) and their parts, as well as ships and yachts. Polish exports also include natural resources, mainly copper and silver.
The most popular tourist destinations in Poland are: the Baltic Sea coast, the Masurian Lake District, the Tatra Mountains (the highest mountain range of Karpaty), the Western Bieszczady, Sudety and Primeval Forest in Białowieża. The tourist offer of Poland includes visiting monuments in and outside the cities, e.g. the so-called historical monuments, as well as business tourism, agritourism, qualified tourism, trekking, climbing. In 2012, Poland was the 17th most visited country in the world by tourists. The total share of tourism in generating national GDP was 4% in 2018. and the total expenditure of domestic and foreign tourists in Poland amounted to 62.2 billion PLN.
Land transport (road, rail, inland waterway) is the basis of an integrated transport system in Poland, meeting over 99% of the needs of domestic cargo and passenger transport. It is also the main tool (in over 80%) of spatial integration of the Polish economy with the European Union market.
According to the Central Statistical Office, the construction and assembly production (in constant prices) in the territory of the country by construction companies employing more than 9 people in December 2021 was higher by 3.1% compared to the period from 2020. The construction industry is facing the problem of a declining number of employees. The high losses were caused by the unfavorably changing law, which effectively deterred investors and contractors. Interestingly, industrial construction saw an increase in both demand and supply. As a result, new entrepreneurs appear on the market, offering specialized services in the construction industry.
Due to the location of Poland in the temperate zone, there are forest complexes in large areas, such as deciduous, mixed and coniferous forests. Forest management in Poland is based on ten-year forest use plans. There is a forest program to increase the country's forest area to 30% in 2020 and to 33% in 2050. Every year, 4 million cubic meters of wood leave Poland, while the State Forests harvest are about 40 million cubic meters of wood. - From 2018, the increase in wood exports from Poland jumped to never-before-seen levels.
presentation creators:
-Zofia Szymczyk
-Paulina Gutkowska
Source materials:
-Wikipedia
-Gov.pl site