Timeline of Neoclassical and Romantic Period

• 1722 - Alexander Pope creates a statement on neoclassical principles such as logic and order.The admiration of ancient and classical works is the basis of neoclassicism.
• 1757 - Anton Raphael Engs was an early participant in neoclassicism, and was at one time under the patronage of Charles III of Spain. Clear attention to classical themes and form is evident.
• 1757 - The Coliseum etching, Many artists of this movement didn't have the chance to travel to Greece and Rome, so they depended on artists such as Piranesi to show them what classical structures actually looked like. They used etchings and drawings like these to get a sense of classical form.

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• 1768 - Thomas Jefferson Portrait, Peale was influenced by the likes of Jacques-Louis David, and inspired by neoclassicism during his travels in Europe. This portrait of Jefferson is iconic, and entrenched in the American canon.
• 1772 - Architect: Thomas Jefferson. This structure was influenced deeply by the principles of the Enlightenment and neoclassicism. Jefferson's work is perhaps one of the most easily recognizable examples of neoclassical architecture for Americans.
• 1793 - The death of marat, Jacques-Louis David (French). Here David details the assassination of radical French Revolutionary figure Jean-Paul Marat as he wrote in the bath due to a skin condition. David clearly indicates his politics here, portraying Marat in a sympathetic light.

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• 1793 - Illiad, Many neoclassicists didn't actually have the chance to go to Greece or Italy, but Flaxman did. In addition to being a sculptor, he was also a draughtsman. The focus on classical themes is evident here.
• 1806 - Arch de Triomphe, Original Architect: Jean Chalgrin. Perhaps one of the most iconic of European monuments. Modelled after the Roman Arch of Titus, classical elements are clear here. Created to commemorate the lives lost during the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars, thematic hints of the aftermath of the Enlightenment are present.
• 1824 - Pastoral Apollo, John Flaxman's piece clearly portrays classical elements, both in theme and form.

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• 1827 - Oedipus and the Sphinx, Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres is an admirer of Jacques-Louis David, Ingres loathed romanticism, the other dominant art movement at the time. He greatly modelled himself after artists like Raphael.
• 1829 - Zeus and Ganymede, Bertel Thorvaldsen sculptures references to classical themes and form are evident here, as is a sense of symmetry and order, typical to neoclassicism.
• 18300 - Altes Museum, Berlin. Architect: Karl Friedrich Schinkel. Originally intended for the royal Prussian family's art collection, the building still exists as a museum. It became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1999.

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• 1789 - Beginning of French Revolution, The traditional monarchy who had ruled France for three centuries collapsed in three years, giving rise to the French Republic until Napoleon declared himself emperor in 1804.
• 1792 - A Vindication of the Rights of Women, Mary Wollstonecraft was the first advocate for women's rights. She fought for the education and intelligence of women as Rousseau called them "weak and artificial".
• 1794 - Fishermen at Sea, JMW Turner , an English Romantic Artist, was known for his paintings of light in nature and his fascination with the ocean. "Fisherman at Sea" was his first painting ever exhibited; he was 21 years old. His image is representational of God’s presence embodied in nature and the evidence of his existence.

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• 1798 - Lyrical Ballads, with a Few Other Poems, William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge publish Lyrical Ballads in 1798. This landmark book was considered to the beginning of the English Literature Romantic Movement. In contrast to the rigid English language, Wordsworth and Coleridge experimented with everyday language that could be understood by even the common people. One of the famous poems was "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner".
• 1812 - Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage- Lord Byron, This was one of the greatest narrative poems describing a man going through worldly struggles and compromised with pleasure and material forms of wealth. Lord Byron often identified with his own characters by adding traits such as envy, rebelliousness, and rationalism. Childe means a young man who is a candidate to become a knight.

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• 1818 - Frankenstein- Mary Shelley, Considered one of the earliest works of science fiction, Shelley writes about a scientist who creates life and is scared of what he invented. The novel has Romantic and gothic elements and truly revolutionized the period. To this day, Frankenstein has had an effect on horror stories and movies.
• 1824 - Beethoven’s Symphony No. 9, Considred one of Beethoven's greatest works, Symphony 9 is notable not only for its length and complexity, but for the fact that he introduced vocal soloists and a chorus into the final movement, as if the purely instrumental form of the classical symphony could not express all that he felt.
• The Apotheosis of Homer- Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres, The Apotheosis of Homer by Ingres is considered to be one of the great masterpieces of the Romantic Period. Figures from Greek, Roman and modern times - such as Mozart, Voltaire, Dante, and Shakespeare - are symmetrically centered in front of a Greek temple, to pay homage to Homer. Homer is in the middle with Iliad and Odyssey, two of Homer's greatest works, at his feet.

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Characteristic of Neoclassic Art

Neoclassic Art

• Neoclassical works (paintings and sculptures) were serious, unemotional, and sternly heroic. Neoclassical painters depicted subjects from Classical literature and history, as used in earlier Greek art and Republican Roman art, using sombre colors with occasional brilliant highlights, to convey moral narratives of self-denial and self-sacrifice fully in keeping with the supposed ethical superiority of Antiquity.
• Neoclassical painting is characterized by the use of straight lines, a smooth paint surface, the depiction of light, a minimal use of color, and the clear, crisp definition of forms.

Characteristics of

Romantic Art

• Romanticism was characterized by its emphasis on emotion and individualism as well as glorification of all the past and nature, preferring the medieval rather than the classical.
• Romantic art focused on emotions, feelings, and moods of all kinds including spirituality, imagination, mystery, and fervor. The subject matter varied widely including landscapes, religion, revolution, and peaceful beauty.

Romantic

Art

Famous Artists

• Neoclassic:
• Gino Severini
• Gheorghe Tattarescu
• William-Adolphe Bouguereau
• Louise Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun
• Albert Henry Krehbiel
• Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres
• Jacques-Louis David
• John Flaxman
• Jean-Baptiste Pigalle
• Romantic:
• Francisco Goya
• Joseph Mallord William Turner
• Caspar David Friedrich
• Eugene Delacroix
• William Blake

Famous

Artists