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1. Charles Robert
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Charles Robert
1308-1342
Age of oligarchs
- end of 13th century mighty barons got huge power - owned whole parts of the country
- royal power weakened
- 1301 Andrew III died without a male heir
- The Árpád dynasty died out on male side
Oligarchs
Oligarchs
- mighty barons own whole parts of country
- Csák Máté was the strongest
- fight each other
- trade, economy collapsed
- forced nobles into marriages - family links - familiarity
- all social layers disappointed
The petty kings
Who will be king?
- on the female side of the Árpáds there are pretenders
- Charles Robert came from Naples from Anjou dynasty
- the pope supported him
- allied with some oligarchs
- started consolidating power
- crowned in 1301/1308/1310
Fights
Fighting the Oligarchs
- Started to defeat the oligarchs
- all social layers wanted to end this period (1312 Rozgony)
- Won fights except one (Csák Máté died 1321)
Consolidation of Power
The king consolidates power
- granted lands and titles to loyal families, mostly nobles - Báthori, Görgei, Nekcsei...
- honour system - granted offices and land with them - 'office fief' or 'honour estate'
- chief treasurer - Nekcsei Demeter
Economic reforms
Royal revenues
- most of his incomes come from royalties/regale income
- the royal lands were decreasing
- needed more income
- brought economic reforms
Mining reform
- Hungary rich in ores
- landowners can open mines
- king doesn't take the mine
- owner kept 1/3 of income - urbura
- owners are interested in opening mines
- foreign miners invited
- minting coins is royal monopoly
Golden forint/florin
- Florentine pattern
- valuable - no devaluation is applied by the king
Golden florin
Gate tax
- He lost income (devaluation)
- 1st state tax introduced
- paid by serfs to the king
- paid per serf's plot
- a plot is where a wagon can turn in the gate
Development of trade
- trade routes protected
- towns developed, given privileges
- thirtieth tariff/tricesima
Development of trade
Successful diplomacy
- 1335 Visegrád Summit
- first diplomatic meeting of the region
- Casimir -Polish king
- John - Czech king
- some topics
- New trade route through Prague - avoid Vienna's staple right
- Polish-Hungarian personal union - Louis the Great
Successful diplomacy
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