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History of Journalism
14
History of American Journalism
https://www.shmoop.com/history-american-journalism/timeline.html
An Overview
August 2019
The Early Days
-Publick Occurences
-First Printing Press
-First Amendment
Early Days of the Press in America
- America's first newspaper published in Boston
-Publick Occurrences, Both Foreign and Domestick
- only able to fill 3/4 of its pages
-Publisher Benjamin Harris-The New England Primer
-publication suspended after just ONE issue draws criticism from colonial government
Boston Newsletter
Next Attempt at Published News
- published 14 years after Publick Occurrences
-First regularly published newspaper
-First editor is John Campbell, bookseller and postmaster in Boston
-Primarily filled with news from London journals about British politics
-Covered the death of Blackbeard
Changes Coming
Advancing Technology and Protections
- First printing press built in America in 1769
-Made by Isaac Doolittle in Connecticut
- In December of 1791, the First Amendment is ratified.
-Congress can no longer make laws that suppress the freedom of speech or freedom of the press
- Jonas Booth invents the steam-driven printing press
-efficiency and savings
100 Years of Growth
Booms and Busts
The 1800's see expansive time for the newspaper industry.
Papers being born, profits being made, brands being built
First big deal paper:
The New York Sun
- First edition is printed in 1823
-Put out by Benjamin Day
-First Penny Press paper
- May 6, 1835
-The New York Herald is first printed
-James Gordon Bennett
-redefines the concept of the news
-reorganizes news industry
-introduces newspaper competition
-NYH is completed funded by private investors, free of politicians and political organizations
-April 10, 1841
-The New York Tribune is published by Horace Greeley
- profits off of rationalism/ has heart in his paper. Popular editoral sections
Continued Innovation
1840's and Beyond
May 24, 1844
-America's First Telegraph Line
1846
- Printing Contracts vote
-low bid basis, formerly dominant party in Congress got them
1849
-Forerunner of the Associated Press
-Easier access to news out of Europe
1859
-First Baseball Box score
1897
- First Color Sunday Funnies, New York Journal
The Big Leagues
Big Names with Big Papers, Big Wallets, and Big Ideas
The Fathers (Good and Bad)
Joseph Pulitzer
-Acquires the New York World in 1883 for $346,000
-Builds a business, but engages in yellow journalism
-Rebuilds it's rep, leaves funds for the founding of a journalism school at Columbia, and for a set of annual awards in journalism and literature
William Randolph Hearst
- named editor of The San Francisco Examiner- inherits from his father
-Competes heavily with Pulitzer
-Basically establishes a paper in every major city- by 1930 has 28 papers across the country
Modern Moguls
Rupert Murdoch
- December 1973
-Acquires the San Antonio Express-News, first piece of global media empire
- in 2007, purchases Dow Jones & Co.- publisher of The Wall Street Journal
-Controversy: foreign owner
-Fear of right wing tilt/ less objectivity
-fear loss of traditional independence
Important Events
Shifting Events
1971:
"Pentagon Papers" published
- government documents released to the Times
-Nixon tries to overrule- declared unconstitutional
Some big events that shape the ever-changing landscape:
1941:
Commercial Broadcasting Begins
- 18 television stations
-Pearl Harbor broadcast five months in
June 1971
-Watergate, Bob Woodward, and Carl Bernstein
-Investigative reporting
1988-
-The Internet opens to commercial users
2000-
Craigslist Expands
-trouble for classified sections of paper
-revenues plummet from $19 billion to $14 billion
2005-
Huffington Post launches
Feb 7, 2008
-1917 established, will cease print to focus solely on digital