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Stanley Milgrim
6
Stanley
Milgrim
July Moe
AP Psych
09/17/21
Theory Building
Theory Building
Milgrim tested the question that perplexed Holocaust historians for years; How did an only relatively antisemitic society in Germany and up mass murdering millions of Jews?
Pleading Guilty
After hearing many Nazi war criminals plead that they were only following higher orders during the Holocaust, Milgrim's mind was sent running
Pleading Guilty
Obedience Experiment
Obedience Experiment
Milgrim wondered if ordinary Americans in a psychology experiment would inflict harm on an innocent person to follow orders
Hypothesis
Hypothesis
Why do people follow directions of an authority figure even to the extent of harming other people?
Independent Variable
Authority Figure
Operational Definition: acts of coersion from the authority figure
Independent Variable
Dependent Variable
Dependent Variable
Obedience
Operational Definition: following authority figures orders without questions
Procedure
Procedure
- There are teachers and a learner
-Participants are teachers, and the learner is actually an actor who is in on the experiment
- The teachers were told to administer severe electric shocks to the learner if he answered a question wrong
- The shock level gets more severe as the experiment goes on
- In reality, no severe shocks are actually given and the actor is making it look like he is being severely shocked
Participants
- The sample was self selected; Milgrim put an ad out in the newspaper offering money to be part of the experiment
- ALL participants were males between the ages of 20 - 40
Participants
Variations
Variations
- 18 different variations of the experiment were tested for replication
- Some slight changes in the many variations include having two teachers, change of location, touch proximity, social support, uniforms, and more
Data
Data
65% of all partcipants in the initial study continued to the highest level of 300 volts
The type of research method used is laboratory experiment
Graph
Scatter Plot
Measures of Central Tendency
Mean: 34
Median: 30
Mode: none
Measures of
Central Tendency
Conclusion
Conclusion
Ordinary people are likely to follow orders given by an authority figure, even to the extent of harming an innocent human being
Trends
Trends
Milgrim divided participants into three categories
-Obeyed but justified; blamed experiment on experimentor
-Obeyed but blamed themselves; felt guilty, more likely to challenge authority in the futuree
-Rebelled; questioned authority, argued
Correlation
Correlation
or
Causation
There is a pattern between the subjects in this experiment and the Nazi war criminals. Obviously, their actions do not compare, but there is a difference of power. Ordinary people obey authority figures because authority figures have more power than them.
Humility + Skepticism
Humility +
Skepticism
During the experiment, Milgrim looked like the bad guy, forcing the participants to harm the learner, and even getting blamed.