SNC 2D1 - Course Mind Map

SALT

LASER

pure colour, intense & concentrated 1 beam

SALT

• Size: same
• Attitude: upright
• Location: behind
• Type: Virtual

Laws of Reflection

• Angle of indicence=Angle of reflection
• Indicent ray, reflected ray, & normal line in the same plane

SALT

• Size: smaller
• Attitude: upright
• Location: behind
• Type: Virtual

Applications

Rules for Refraction

• Indicent ray, reflected ray, normal lie on same plane, opposite of refracted ray
• light bends toward normal when speed of light slows, & away when it fastens

Critical Angle

Angle of incidence that results to 90 degree angle of refraction

Images in Plane Mirrors

Converging Lens

Conditions

• Light traveling slower in first medium than second
• angle of incidence in large enough that light is reflected, not refracted

Light Production

• Incandescence
• Electric Discharge
• Fluorescence
• Luminescence: Chemiluminescence, Phosphorescence, Bioluminescence
• Triboluminescence

Convex

SALT

• Size: same
• Attitude: upright
• Location: same side as object
• Type: Virtual

Images in Curved Mirrors

Refraction

Bending or change in direction of light when traveled from one medium to another

Total Internal Reflection

When angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle.

Diverging Lens

Change in location results in change in image

Concave

Light

Molecular

The Refraction of Light

Lenses and Optical Devices

Production and Reflection of Light

Ray Model of Light

Physical Properties

• Qualitative: Can't measure
• Quantitative: Numerical

Ionic

Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams

Physical Change

Does not produce new substance

Molecular

Indicators

Ionic

Physics

Lewis Dot Diagrams

Chemical Properties and Changes

involves change into new substance

Multicellular organism

Treatments

• Surgery (remove)
• Chemotherapy (drugs)
• Radiation (damage DNA further)
• Biophotonics (light beam)

Single-celled organism

MgCl2

Magnesium chloride

Al2O3

Aluminum oxide

Binary

2 elements

Patterns & Periodic Table

Properties and Changes

Prokaryote

no nucleus

Eukaryote

with nucleus

FeCl3

Iron (III) chloride

BuBr2

Copper (II) bromide

Diagnosing

• Imaging technologies (endoscopy, X-ray, ultrasound, CT scanning, MRI)
• "take a biopsy"

Importance of Cell Division

Reproduction

Growth

Repair

Multi-valent

elements with >1 charges

SNC 2D1

Ionic Compounds

Ionic bond - metal transfers electrons to non-metal

Plant & Animal Cells

Cell Cycle

• Interphase (G1,S,G2)
• Mitosis
• Cytokinesis

Benign

Not cancerous

Atoms: Neutral particles

Ions: Charged particles

Cations: Positively charged

Anions: Negatively charged

Polyatomic

Grouped non-metal elements

Tumour

Mass of cells dividing with no obvious function

Screening

• Pap test
• PSA test
• self-examine
• ABCD of moles

Fe(NO3)3

Iron (III) nitrate

Na2(CO3)

Sodium carbonate

Malignant

Cancerous; interferes with surrounding cells

Cell Division Gone Wrong: Cancer

Diseases caused by uncontrolled cell division

Chemicals and Their Properties

Biology

Chemistry

Cells, Cell Division, and Specialization

Molecular Compounds

Covalent bond - non-metal shares electrons with non-metal

Metastasis

Causes

• Mutations (in DNA)
• Carcinogens (environment)

Specialization

Cells specialize to perform a specific function

Systems in Plants

Hierarchy Structures in Animals

1.Organism

Word Equation:

Magnesium + Hydrochloric acid -> Hydrogen gas + Magnesium Chloride

Chemical (skeleton) Equation:

Mg + HCl -> H2 + MgCl2

Balanced Equation:

The pH Scale

Measure of how acidic/basic solution is

Reactants -> Products

Describing Chemical Reactions

Plant Systems

Chemicals and Their Reactions

Acids and Basis

Animal Systems

2.Organ System

Respiratory System

Takes O2 & removes CO2 from body

Digestive System

Takes in, breaks down, & digests food to make available to body & excrete waste

Circulatory System

Transports O2 & nutrients throughout body & carries away waste.

Conserving Mass in Chemical Reactions:

law of conservation of mass

Reactants mass= Products mass

Plant Reproduction

Plant Growth

3.Organs

Types of Chemical Reactions

Complete Combustion

CxHy(Oz) + Oz -> CO2 + H2O

Tissues Working Together

• Absorbing light (max surface area)
• obtaining CO2 (stomata & guard cells)
• Obtaining water

Organ Transplantation

Benefits: research, saves life

Risk: rejection, medication suppresses immune system

Acid Precipitation

• Precipitation with pH less than rain (5.6).
• Acid forming pollutants: SO2 & NOx

Neutralization

acid + base -> water + ionic compound

• pH closer to 7

Lateral Meristems

Grow wider

Incomplete Combustion

CxHy(Oz) + Oz -> CO2 + H2O +C +CO

Balancing Equations

changing coefficients

Apical Meristems

Grow longer

Xenotransplantation

Plant Tissue Sytems

Double Displacement

AB + CD -> AD +CB

Decomposition

AB -> A + B

• Kills plants animals
• makes soil toxic

• perming
• food& baking
• antacids
• cleaning acid precipitation

Gas exchange of O2 & CO2 occurs through diffusion

Nutrients enter bloodstream through diffusion

Synthesis

A + B-> AB

Cellular Differentiation in Pants:

Meristematic cells differentiate into specialized tissue

Single Displacement

A + BC-> AC +B

4.Tissues

Properties, Names, Formulas

Max Surface Area

• villi in small intestine- more nutrients absorption & more energy
• lungs of alveoli- more gas exchange & more energy
• small blood vessels- more diffusion of reactants & more energy

Ground Tissue

Filler for storage, support, & photosynthesis

Vascular Tissue

Move materials in plant.

• Xylem: transports water & materials
• Phloem:transports food & hormones

Dermal Tissue

Outer layer of plant.

• Periderm: bark
• Epidermal: cuticle

• Cord blood cell banking
• Stem cell transplantation
• Regeneration & tissue engineering

More H+/(OH), stronger acid/base

5.Cells (stem cells & differentiation)