Civil Rights Movement

When did it begin and how did it emerged?

Significance between time it emerged and cultural/political climate of the united states?

Jessie Jackson

James Brown

in 1968

Television

What problems/areas of conflict were being address?

Leaders, Key Players & Participants

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

Baptist minister and civil rights activist who had a seismic impact on race relations in the US

14 years of working as an activist and minister

Nobel peace prize

Assassination in 1968

Rosa Parks

Refuse to gave up per seat to a white passenger on a bus

Her bravery led to nationwide efforts to end racial segregation

Awarded the Martin Luther King Jr. award by the nation

John F. Kennedy

Sent in federal marshals to protect the Freedom Riders

Spoke out in favor of desegregation and integration 

Put pressure in federal government to hire more A-A

Supported the March on Washington

Proposed new Civil Rights legislation

Eleanor Roosevelt told Kennedy she would endorse JFK if he promised to do more for A-A. Kennedy agreed because he knew having her support was very important in his campaign

Jackie Robinson

His courage and discipline in standing up against racism were a preview of the actions taken by many members of The Civil Rights Movement.

The success of the Jackie Robinson experiment was a testament to fact that integration could exist.

Elijah Muhammad

His teachings, often perceived as racist, preached complete separation from Whites in society.

He often expressed the idea the Blacks were the first people to rule the world and that the Whites tricked them out of power and oppressed them.

Malcolm X: The Activist

He constantly retold the injustices his people suffered in the past.

Malcolm X gathered widespread admiration from African American’s and widespread fear from Whites. However White college students could not ignore the harsh realities of his preachings.

Little Rock 9

Group of 9 A-A students that enrolled into a previously all white school 3 years after the Brown vs Board case

Students were faced with mobs, physical and emotional abuse

Proved the National Government would need to get involved to help secure the new rights of the A-A

Assata Shakur

Former member of the Black liberation army

Was convicted of first-degree murderer of state trooper Werner Foerster during a shootout on the new jersey Turnpike in 1973

CHAPTER 9 & 10

The civil right movement is a phrase given to the strategies and activities by people communicating in groups to end racial segregation and discrimination against blacks in America and to secure recognition of their rights. Most group activities took place between 1954 & 1968 which also involved people of all races.

Social groups, despite many years of oppressive laws and violence. A single generation was able to influence important entire attitudes of a prejudiced culture , regardless of not having internet or any modern tools of communications.

GOALS

to fight for people’s rights specially for African American

GOALS

to end legal segregation and discrimination in the country

the civil right movement principal goal was to end racial discrimination and gain equal rights under the law.

ACCOMPLISHMENTS

July of 1948 president Harry Truman issues Executive Order 9981 to end segregation in the armed services

May 17, 1954 Brown v. Board of Education, a consolidation of five cases into one, the supreme court, effectively ending racial segregation in public schools

ACCOMPLISHMENTS

December 1 of 1955 Rosa park refuses to give up her seat to a white man on a Montgomery, Alabama bus

In July 2, 1964 Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Civil Rights act of 1964 into the law, preventing all employment discrimination due to race, sex, religion or national origin

April 1968 Johnson signs the civil rights Act of 1968, also known as the fair housing act, providing equal opportunities of housing no matter race, religion or natural origin.

Academic Opinion

As of all the different movements, the positive outcome which they have accomplished, have made a difference in the country and they have made a change.

Role of Social Media

There wasn’t any social media during the Civil Rights Movement, but the media was highly involved in the 1960s.

The first phase of the media was generally more factual, and for the most part showed interest in supporting the Civil Rights Movement.

The second phase journalists and the media were generally seen as allies to the Civil Rights Movement.

The next phase of media coverage covered events such as the 1960 lunch counter sit-ins, and mass public demonstrations of the 1963 March on Washington D.C.

The final phase, which took place after 1965, civil rights leaders worked for economic and political equality for African Americans across the country.

Many African Americans became more aware of the white dominated world of news coverage and became skeptical of what information is being shown to the public. Television coverage impacted each phase in many different ways. It was the chosen medium and without television the Civil Rights Act may not have achieved the success that is did.

Facebook/ Instagram/Twitter impacts us today? Some of us are unaware of the Civil Rights Movement but we all know about Instagram and twitter. If you really want to have an idea of what this movement is about, all you have to is type #civilrightsmovement on Twitter/Instagram.

Several factors hindered the few African Americans in Congress from leading efforts to pass the major civil rights acts of 1957, 1964, and 1965

Until the fall 1964 elections, there were only five African Americans in Congress: Dawson, Powell, Diggs, Nix, and Hawkins.

John Conyers joined the House in 1965 and Brooke entered the Senate in 1967.

Brooke helped secure the housing anti-discrimination provision of the Civil Rights Act of 1968 during his first term in the Senate.

By the 1950s, after enduring nearly a century of inequality, segregation, as well as vicious lynching and other senseless acts of violence, a group of African-American activists began the civil rights movement

CHAPTER 7

In August 1945, the general manager of the Brooklyn Dodgers, agreed to sign Jackie Robinson, a Negro League All-Star, to a minor- league contract. On April 15, 1947, Robinson became the first African American player in the modern history of baseball. This show interpersonal skills because the two of them came together to agree on a contract.

OTHER CONNECTIONS

Many movements have been discovered and opened up due to all the courage African Americans had to fight for their freedom, basically other movements were not scared to open up and prove it out to the public.

STAGE 1

EMERGENCE

In the early 1950’s among the African American population in the south, there was discontent.

social movements are very preliminary and there is little to no organization

EMERGENCE

Potential movement participants may be unhappy with some policy or some social condition, but they have not taken any action in order to redress their grievances, or if they have it is most likely individual action rather than collective action

STAGE 2

COALESCENCE

campaigns that fought against segregation like the Montgomery Bus Boycott, this event supports the displayed of brutality to which white segregationist would resort in order to protect the status quo. At this point leaders of the movement stared to emerge like Martin Luther King Jr. and Rosa Parks.

COALESCENCE

social movements have overcome some obstacles which many never overcome

Often, social unrest or discontent passes without any organizing or widespread mobilization

STAGE 3

BUREAUCRATIZATION

Enforcing the Fair Housing Act.

BUREAUCRATIZATION

defined as “formalization,” is characterized by higher levels of organization and coalition- based strategies.

Social movements in this stage can no longer just rely on mass rallies or inspirational leaders to progress towards their goals and build constituencies; they must rely on trained staff to carry out the functions of organizations.

STAGE 4

DECLINE

we can observe how society has change as a result of the movement.

DECLINE

or “institutionalization.” Decline does not necessarily mean failure for social movements

Repression

there are four ways in which social movements can decline:

Co-optaion

Success

Failure

1868, 14TH AMENDMENT

gave blacks equals protection under the law

1870, 15TH AMENDMENT

granted blacks the right to vote

PLESSY V. FERGUSON 1896

JIM CROW LAWS

"separate but equal"

1955, BOYCOTT OF THE MONTGOMERY BUS

Lasted 381 days

1957, LITTLE ROCK NINE

Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas

CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957

President Eisenhower

It allowed federal prosecution of anyone who tried to prevent someone from voting. It also created a commission to investigate voter fraud

WOOLWORTH'S LUNCH COUNTER

February 1, 1960. Greensboro, North Carolina

MARCH ON WASHINGTON

AUG. 28, 1963

Martin Luther King Jr. speech " I have a dream"

CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964

President Lyndon B. Johnson

The law guaranteed equal employment for all, limited the use of voter literacy tests and allowed federal authorities to ensure public facilities were integrated.

ASSASSINATION OF MALCOLM X

Feb. 21, 1965

"BLOODY SUNDAY"

Mar. 7, 1965

the Selma to Montgomery march to protest the killing of black civil rights activist Jimmie Lee Jackson by a white police officer and to encourage legislation to enforce the 15th amendment

VOTING RIGHTS ACT OF 1965

President Johnson

The new law banned all voter literacy tests and provided federal examiners in certain voting jurisdictions.

MARTIN LUTHER KING JR. ASSASSINATION

April 4, 1968

FAIR HOUSING ACT OF 1968

April 6, 1968

It prevented housing discrimination based on race, sex, national origin and religion

VIDEO

https://youtu.be/6x0l_vkjozc

THANK YOU!