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Merck, John W., Jr. “Miniochoerus gracilis.” University of Maryland,
www.geol.umd.edu/~jmerck/nature/specimens/htmls/miniochoerus83122.html#next2.
The common name of the superfamily is Oreodont.
The height of the Miniochoerus gracilis is 2.5 to 3 feet at the shoulder.
The weight is 70 pounds(31.7515 kilograms)
The Minochoerus gracilis is an Artiodactyla, which means that the animal is an even toed hooved mammal(Ungulate).
From the time span of 33.9 mya to 33.3 mya, there was a 30% decrease in size.
The Minochoerus gracilis was the only group in the Oreodont superfamily to change size.
The Miniochoerus gracilis is the smallest of the genus.
The Miniochoerus gracilis has eight baby teeth on both the top and bottom of the mouth.
There is a small gap called a diastema between the chewing teeth and the biting teeth.
Males of the species had larger caninie teeth than females.
There are divots next to the eyesockets where there used to be scent glands.
Older generations of the Miniochoerus gracilis had long tails, however, the tails were shortened some through time.
The Miniochoerus gracilis never developed long legs.
The Miniochoerus gracilis was an ancestor to camels.
The Miniochoerus gracilis was preserved in sedementary rock.
The fossil was first found by Leidy in 1851.
Although the Miniochoerus gracilis is only found in North America, the fossil is most commonly found in Nebraska, Wyoming, and South Dakota.
The Miniochoerus gracilis lived in the Phanerozoic Eon, Cenozoic Era, Paleogene Period, and spanned through the Eocene and Oligocene Epochs.
The animal lived from 41mya to 28mya.
Merck, John W., Jr. “Miniochoerus gracilis.” University of Maryland,
www.geol.umd.edu/~jmerck/nature/specimens/htmls/miniochoerus83122.html#next2.
Thorpe, Malcom Rutherford. “Page 393.” The Merycoidodontidae, an extinct group of ruminant mammals, www.biodiversitylibrary.org/pageimage/10788759.
The Miniochoerus gracilis ate leaves, young shoots, fruits, nuts, and may have stripped bark in seasonal droughts.
The Miniochoerus gracilis ruminated, which means that after chewing and swallowing food, the animal will regurgitate the food and then eat the regurgitated meal.
The Miniochoerus gracilis burrowed and shared a space with other Oreodonts.
The animal lived in closed forests(Dense canopies with 70-100% cover so that little sunlight can seep through to the lower layers).
The Miniochoerus gracilis lived in a tropical climate that was warm and rainy.
The main predator of the Miniochoerus gracilis is the Hyaenodon.
The Hyaenodon cornered the Miniochoerus gracilis into their burrows and killed them.
The Hyaenodon also underwent size fluctuations according to the size of the Miniochoerus gracilis.
The environment of the Eocene Epoch held low sea levels and high temperatures at around 86℉ (30℃).
Grasses became more diverse in the Eocene epoch.
During this time birch, cedar, chestnut, elm, and beech trees thrived.
The animals that lived in the Eocene Epoch consisted of Eohippus(dawn horse) and ancestral rhinoceroses and tapirs, and early evaluations of bats, rabbits, beavers, rats, mice, carnivorous mammals, and whales.
1 to 5 percent of the species are still alive today.
All animals during the early Eocene Epoch were under 22lbs(10kg).
Larger animals went extinct, whereas smaller animals thrived.
Common animals were Artiodactyla and Perissodactyla.
Artiodactyla were even-toed animals, and Perissodactyla were odd-toed animals.
The Great Lakes formed in the Eocene Epoch.
The Continents split during the Paleogene Period.
Works Cited
Department of Geosciences. “Oreodont -- extinct relatives of camels.” Mississippi State University Department of Geosciences, www.geosciences.msstate.edu/articles/geologic-wonder/2015/11/geologic-wonder-month%E2%80%94oreodont/.
Foss, Scott E. “Fossils of the Badlands of South Dakota.” Northern State University, www3.northern.edu/natsource/earth/Fossil1.htm.
The Gale Group Incorperated. “Eocene Epoch.” Encyclopedia.com, www.encyclopedia.com/earth-and-environment/geology-and-oceanography/geology-and-oceanography/eocene-epoch.
Ludtke, Joshua. “Fossil Focus: Oreodonts.” Paleontology[Online], www.palaeontologyonline.com/articles/2015/fossil-focus-oreodonts/.
Masica, Sue. “Statement of Sue Masica, Chief of Staff, National Park Service, Department of the Interior, before the Subcommittee on National Parks, Forests, and Public Lands, House Committee on Natural Resources concerning H.R. 554 The Paleontological Resources Preservation Act.” Statement of Christopher Kearney, www.blm.gov/sites/blm.gov/files/congressional_testimony_documents/congressional_20070417_HR554ThePaleontologicalResourcesPreservationAct.pdf.
Peredo, Carlos. “Miniochoerus gracilis.” Encyclopedia of Life, eol.org/pages/4448495/details.
S, Alan. “Oreodonts, Merycoidodon, Eporeodon, Leptauchenia, Miniochoerus.” The Fossils of the White River Badlands, whiteriver.weebly.com/oreodonts.html.
Sundell, Kent A., Dr. “Hyaenodon: Nemesis of Burrowing Oreodonts.” Douglas Fossils, douglasfossils.com/hyaenodon/.
University of California. “The Eocene Epoch.” University of California Museum of Paleontology, www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/tertiary/eocene.php.
Zimmermann, Kim Ann. “Cenozoic Era: Facts About Climate, Animals & Plants.” Live Science, www.livescience.com/40352-cenozoic-era.html.
Department of Geosciences. “Oreodont -- extinct relatives of camels.”
Mississippi State University Department of Geosciences, www.geosciences.msstate.edu/articles/geologic-wonder/2015/11/geologic-wonder-month%E2%80%94oreodont/.
Foss, Scott E. “Fossils of the Badlands of South Dakota.” Northern State University,
www3.northern.edu/natsource/earth/Fossil1.htm.
The Gale Group Incorperated. “Eocene Epoch.” Encyclopedia.com,
www.encyclopedia.com/earth-and-environment/geology-and-oceanography/geology-and-oceanography/eocene-epoch.
Ludtke, Joshua. “Fossil Focus: Oreodonts.” Paleontology[Online], www.palaeontologyonline.com/articles/2015/fossil-focus-oreodonts/.
Peredo, Carlos. “Miniochoerus gracilis.” Encyclopedia of Life, eol.org/pages/4448495/details.
S, Alan. “Oreodonts, Merycoidodon, Eporeodon, Leptauchenia, Miniochoerus.” The Fossils of the White River Badlands, whiteriver.weebly.com/oreodonts.html.
Masica, Sue. “Statement of Sue Masica, Chief of Staff, National Park Service, Department of the Interior, before the Subcommittee on National Parks, Forests, and Public Lands, House Committee on Natural Resources concerning H.R. 554 The Paleontological Resources Preservation Act.”
Statement of Christopher Kearney, www.blm.gov/sites/blm.gov/files/congressional_testimony_documents/congressional_20070417_HR554ThePaleontologicalResourcesPreservationAct.pdf.
Sundell, Kent A., Dr. “Hyaenodon: Nemesis of Burrowing Oreodonts.” Douglas Fossils, douglasfossils.com/hyaenodon/
University of California. “The Eocene Epoch.” University of California Museum of Paleontology, www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/tertiary/eocene.php.
Zimmermann, Kim Ann. “Cenozoic Era: Facts About Climate, Animals & Plants.” Live Science, www.livescience.com/40352-cenozoic-era.html.
Thorpe, Malcom Rutherford. “Page 393.” The Merycoidodontidae, an extinct group of ruminant mammals, www.biodiversitylibrary.org/pageimage/10788759.
Merck, John W., Jr. “Miniochoerus gracilis.” University of Maryland,
www.geol.umd.edu/~jmerck/nature/specimens/htmls/miniochoerus83122.html#next2.