Poverty in Somalia, Nigeria and Zimbabue

• Population: more than 140 million - Most populous country in Africa
• Poverty: more than 50% of the population - Rural issue
• Life expectancy: 52.62 years
• 3rd biggest economy in Africa - Exploitation of oil resources - 160th out of 177 countries on the scale of the Human Development Index
• Corruption
• Tropical climate ->Exporter of a variety of products
• Agriculture
• Refugees

• 1.1 million Somalis displaced in their own country
• 1 million refugees in neighbouring countries
• High food prices
• Droughts and floods
• 2011 famine: - Killed a quarter of a million people
• Agriculture
• Al-Shabab

• 24% of children under five years old suffer from malnutrition
• 2.1 million people suffer from hunger or are under nourished
• Displacement
• Solution (FG) : - Bio-fortified crops - Reforms on fertilizer and seed policies - Improved technologies - Eliminate corruption - Food security

• Malaria, tuberculosis
• HIV-AIDS - Prostitution, high-risk practices among itinerant workers, high prevalence of STDs, women trafficking
• 1985: yellow fever
• 63.2 million people don't have access to safe water
• Over 112 million people don't have access to adequate sanitation - Sanitation is not a priority

• Medical facilities have particularly suffered from a shortage of medicine
• Lack of trained medical staff
• 2000-2010: - 2 doctors for every 10,000 people
• Traditional healers
• 1 million people are infected with HIV/AIDS - Adequate nutrition - Selling their medication to buy food

• 1 in 10 Somali children die before their first birthday
• 1 in 12 women die from pregnancy related causes
• 2,008 boys and 43 girls are recruited
• Gender-Based Violence - Not considered 'violations'
• Early marriage for girls
• Female Genital Mutilation - Social convention

• Having many children
• Over 97,000 children die every year from diarrhoea
• Women entrepreneurs - Gaining control of their lives - Making more money - No other choice
• HIV- mother-to-child transmission

• Children: - Piecemeal jobs: fetching water, herding cattle and helping out in local fields in exchange for food or money
• 1 in four children has lost one or both parents due to HIV and other causes - 100,000 child-headed households
• Limited access to basic social services and social protection
• Gender-based violence
• Child abuse
• Zimbabwe Women Lawyers Association

Sources:

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• https://www.wfp.org/stories/10-facts-about-hunger-somalia
• http://www.ruralpovertyportal.org/country/home/tags/somalia
• http://www.unicef.org/somalia/children.html
• http://www.poverties.org/famine-in-somalia.html
• http://www.poverties.org/poverty-in-nigeria.html
• http://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/countries/nigeria/why/
• http://www.wateraid.org/ng/what-we-do/the-crisis/sanitation
• http://www.actionagainsthunger.org/countries/africa/nigeria
• http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/140098-13-million-nigerians-suffer-from-hunger-agriculture-minister.html
• http://www.bimztheory.com/2015/10/good-bye-poverty-as-us-supports-nigeria.html
• http://www.scholastic.com/browse/article.jsp?id=3756492
• http://zimbabweelection.com/2016/01/28/hunger-in-zimbabwe-drought-or-disastrous-policies/
• http://nehandaradio.com/2016/01/28/1-5-million-people-face-hunger-in-zimbabwe/
• http://zimbabweschildren.org/index.php/portfolio/zimbabwes-forgotten-children/
• http://data.worldbank.org/country/zimbabwe
• https://www.wfp.org/countries/zimbabwe/overview
• http://www.unicef.org/mdg/zimbabwe_58025.html
• http://www.zwla.co.zw/index.php/about-us
• http://www.our-africa.org/zimbabwe/poverty-healthcare

Poverty in Somalia, Nigeria and Zimbabwe

Health issues

and services

Deaths:

• Malaria 20%
• Lower Respiratory Infections 19%
• HIV 9%
• Diarrheal Diseases 5%
• Road Injuries 5%
• Protein-Energy Malnutrition 4%
• Cancer 3%
• Meningitis 3%
• Stroke 3%
• Tuberculosis 2%

• 29% of the population accessing clean water - 39% accessing safe sanitation
• Health deprivations - Weak health system - Few policies - Poor infrastructure
• Water and sanitation related illnesses - Malnutrition - Diarrhoea
• High cost of providing services

Relying on buying water from sources more than 2Km away, on average, costs USD 7.50 per barrel.

Women and children

Hunger

• Over 1.5 million people are facing hunger
• Drought - Lost cattle and crops - 14 million people at risk
• Increasing levels of vulnerability and acute food insecurity by a mix of factors

“We will not relent until we end hunger in Nigeria. For the ‘democracy of the stomach is the right of every Nigerian”

-Nigerian Government

General status

Poverty....?

• General scarcity, or the state of one who lacks a certain amount of material possessions or money.
• UN: -Inability of getting choices and opportunities. - Violation of human dignity.
• It depends not only on income but also on access to social services.

• Lower poverty rate and better social indicators than most African countries
• Population: 15.25 million
• Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines:72.3%
• Life expectancy: 56 years
• 1980: - Human resource investments and support for smallholder agriculture X Economic growth
• Decline in public resources

• Population: 12 million
• 40 % live in extreme poverty
• Life expectancy:51 years
• 2011: drought - Worst famine - 2.1 million people remain food-insecure - 236,000 children malnourished
• Livestock - 60 % of the population
• Repeated crop failure
• A mix of factors

2015: 702.1 million people

- 347.1 million people in Sub-Saharan Africa

Half the world's children live in poverty

Insecurity

Powerlessness

Violence

Exclusion

Fragile environments

Inadequate physical security

Lack of voice

Enough food

Enough clothes

Education

Health

Land

Job

Access to clean water and sanitation

About 82 % of

Somalis are poor

73 % of Somalis live on under US$2 per day

By: Erika Díaz