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1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Vitamins
5. Minerals
6. Water
6 Elements important for Life
Foods:
bread, pasta,
corn, fruit, beans, potatoes, candy
Carbohydrates
Polymer:
Polysaccharide
Monomer:
Monosaccharide
In animals:
In plants:
Examples
Foods:
Butter, oils (on potato chips), cheese, nuts, fat of meats
Foods:
Fish, meat, yogurt, eggs, tofu
Monomer:
Fatty Acid
Monomer:
Amino Acid
Enzymes:
20 Types:
Polymer (s):
1. Take in food
2. Break down food into molecule small enough for the body to adsorb
3. Get rid of undigested molecules and solid waste
Polymer: Peptide
amino acids linked together
Ms. O'Neill
Freshman Biology
Where does the food go?
A group of organs that work together to absorb nutrients and excrete solid waste
1. Mouth
2. Esophagus
3. Stomach
4. Small Intestines
5. Large Intestines
6. Rectum
Enzymes and chemicals like acids
physical movement
At the Body level:
Through the digestive tract
At the Cellular level:
Across cell membranes
Mouth
epoglottis - at the back of your throat is a flap that closes when you swallow so food does not go down your windpipe
Chemical
Digestion:
Absorption means that the molecules is leaving the digestive systems and being absorbed in the rest of the body usually into the bloodstream
Mechanical
Digestion
Absorption:
Saliva from salivary glands breaks down complex carbohydrates like starch into monosaccharides using the enzyme amylase
None
Chewing breaks down food into smaller chuncks
These Proteins and Lipids and Carbs that make up the membrane are the same kind of organic macromolecules we eat, just recycled by the body
Long tube of involuntary muscles that connect the mouth to stomach
Chemical
Digestion:
Absorption:
None
Mechanical
Digestion
Peristalsis Contractions: muscles that line the esophagus contract pushing food down
Active
Does require energy
C -shaped muscle lined sac that stores and digests food
Diffusion
Pancreas
Passive
long flat gland below stomach
makes enzymes used in the small intestine to break down lipids
movement of a substance from a high concentration to a low concentration
Does not require energy
Gastric Juice, a combination of Hydrochloric acid and the enzyme pepsin break down large proteins into peptides
some medications like asprin
Churn & mix food through Peristalsis Contractions grinding into smaller pieces
Liver
wedge shaped gland above stomach
Makes bile
processes toxins
Transport of vitamins, minerals, fatty acids and monosaccharides to the bloodstream uses diffusion
Transport of water uses osmosis
Bile
Gallbladder
Greenish liquid that helps break down chunks of fat into smaller globules
about 20ft long
small in diameter
most digestion
most absorption
Villi
osmosis
Small finger like projections that increase surface area of the inside so there is more room for absorption
small pouch below liver
stores bile until it is squeezed into small intestine, when stomach is full
Diffusion of water
Peristalsis Contractions of muscle surrounding small intestine
Vitamins Minerals
Water
Fatty Acids
Monosaccahrides
Amino Acids
Last part of the digestive Tract
5 ft long
Much wider than small intestine
None
None
Vitamins & Minerals
Water
Rectum
last part of large intestine
stores solid waste until it is ready to be expelled through anus
Remember: Organic means containing carbon
Remember: monomer means single unit
Remember: polymer means multiple units