Nationalism & the two world wars

Nationalism and the

two World Wars

June 28th, 1914

•The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir of the ancient Habsburg throne of the Austro-Hungarian empire, in Sarajevo.

•Not a good time: anniversary of the Battle of Kossovo (1389)

•Result: regional war>>>> world war

“It is Japan's mission to be supreme in Asia, the South Seas and eventually the four corners of the world ”

Bless for PEACE

THANK　ＹＯＵ～

Pacific War Erupted

Japnese Nationalism & WW2

Japanese nationalism was born at the end of the nineteenth century. During the Meiji period, industrialisation, centralisation, mass education and military conscription produced a shift in popular allegiances. Feudal loyalties were replaced by loyalty to the state, personified by the Emperor.

General Sadao Araki

In July 1937, Japanese soldiers at the Marco Polo Bridge on the Manchuria border used explosions heard on the Chinese side as a pretext to invade China.

And in 1941 Japan attacked Pearl Habour, Pacifi War erupted which exacerbated the WW2

Although early ultra-nationalists called for a tempering of Japan’s ‘westernisation’, through limits on industrialisation, their focus changed after the First World War. Western politicians criticised Japan’s imperial ambitions and limited Japanese military expansion and development in other fileds

And later, Japanese idea of the ‘Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere’ emerged. This plan called for Asian unification against western imperialism under Japanese leadership, leading to Asian self-sufficiency and prosperity. In reality, it meant an agenda of Japanese imperial domination in the Far East.

Between 1928 and 1932, Japan faced domestic crisis. Economic collapse associated with the Great Depression provoked spiralling prices, unemployment, falling exports and social unrest. In November 1930, the Prime Minister Hamaguchi Osachi was shot by an ultra-nationalist. In summer 1931, as control slipped away from the civilian government, the army acted independently to invade Manchuria. Troops quickly conquered the entire border region, establishing the puppet state of Manchukuo. Though the League of Nations condemned the action, it was powerless to intervene, and Japan promptly withdrew its membership. International isolation fed ultra-nationalism. Mayors, teachers and Shinto priests were recruited by ultra-nationalist movements to indoctrinate citizens.

Abstract

A large portion of the causes behind WWII was the extreme Nationalism felt through out the world. Many countries were left out of the Treaty of Versailles or didn’t receive a large enough piece of the Treaty pie. This led to self interest within countries to prove their power and ability to rules as top leaders. One of the most common examples was The German Workers party, more commonly known as the Nazis.

1929~1930

Repression in Germany

Economic Crisis in capitalist world

& the debt from the Young Plan

Made German people live in poor condition

The Threshold of Germany's Swell of nationalism

Hitler's and Nazi's work

Declared a series of policy to win the support of citizens in the crisis and advocated to against the Young Plan that need them to pay debts

Outcome

Hitler’s inflamed sense of nationalism encouraged him to share his beliefs and values with his fellow countrymen.

German nationalism made German citizens sympathize with one another, and the thought of more or worse poverty because of the repayments to America worried them all.

Development of Germany's Extreme Nationalism

New laws:

1931~1934

1935~1938

German citizens may not marry or have sex with Jews in order to keep the blood pure (punishment of hard labor); Jews are not allowed to employ female German citizens under 45 as domestic workers(punishment of imprisonment or hard labor); Jews aren’t allowed to display the Reich and national flag or national colors, but can display Jewish colors(punishment of a year in prison and a fine, or hard labor)

Original

LATER

Hitler and Nazi gradually took in charge of Germany

Jewish stores aren’t allowed to renew leases, Jewish teachers aren’t allowed to tutor German children, Jewish authors are blacklisted, Nazi’s begin campaigning to remove Jews from German economic life; restrictions are placed on Jews throughout the country as anti-Semitic views become more popular

Chancellor

Also started to carry out some polices to improve nationalism or racism ,ESPESCIALLY　ａｇａｉｎｓｔ　ｔｈｅ　Ｊｅｗｓ　ｉｎ　Ｇｅｒｍａｎｙ

Hitler really began to try to drive a wedge between Germans and Jews so that nationalism was felt very differently by the two different groups. In encouraging the nationalism and superiority in the German citizens, he made them feel better and feel against the Jews.

President

During his and nazi's campaign , Hitler was trying to create a sense of nationalism in German people, to the point where they felt they were better than any person of any other race, and therefore entitled to more. By creating a clear separation, Hitler was able to set the German’s apart from others living in the same area.

Germany's taking over Czechoslovakia and Austria in 1938 and 1939

shows that German's Nationalism is extra-swelled to not only disdain the races in German but had already disdain other countries.

Hitler felt that the only way Germany would return to order was through the Nazi regime. By combining Chancellor and President, he ensured that he would be at the head of the government and could spread his fiery nationalism to his people.

Nationalism takes a step towards ultra-nationalism at this point, as Hitler begins to over-control and overprotect the German people in order to bring them to where they need to be. By removing competition of the Nazi party and removing other systems of government, Hitler paved the way for his beliefs and values to be spread throughout Germany and the people.

Nazi’s encouragement of the exclusion of Jews made the German citizens feel superior. This boosted the feeling of nationalism in the German people, as they felt they were superior to the Jews, and as the people began to believe it, Hitler was encouraged and pushed to continue on his path.

Timeline here~

1939

The German people were ready for a war. They believed, because their leader had taught them to, that the only way to improve their situation was to fight for it. Nationalism prepared them for a war, and not only were they ready for the act, but they were ready to accept the consequences. Their need for stability as a country transcended other needs, and they were ready to do what it took to achieve their goals.

Biggest Results of German Nationalism:

Marching on Poland

and beginning WWII

Swelling of militery numbers

End of the Treaty of Versailles

Hitler’s Aboveboard Actions

Invasion of

Czechoslovakia

You Stupid

Deutsches!!

• Biref Talk about the background and process of WW2
• Nationalism with axis power ——Germany and Japan (No Italy because I don't like spaghetti )

2

Work By

Sherianne

Annie

Chy

Nationalism in 20th Century

Ethnic cleansing is a the process or policy of eliminating unwanted ethnic or religious groups by deportation, forcible displacement, mass murder, or by threats of such acts, with the intent of creating a territory inhabited by people of a homogeneous or pure ethnicity, religion, culture, and history. Ethnic cleansing usually involves attempts to remove physical and cultural evidence of the targeted group in the territory through the destruction of homes, social centers, farms, and infrastructure, and by the desecration of monuments, cemeteries, and places of worship.

Expansionist nationalism

Expansionist nationalism" is a radical form of imperialism that incorporates autonomous, patriotic sentiments with a belief in expansionism

Algerian war of Independence

Independence from European powers and attempt to carve out African identity.

Anti-colonial nationalism

Since the process of decolonisation that occurred after World War II, there has been a rise of Third World nationalisms. Third world nationalisms occur in those nations that have been colonized and exploited. The nationalisms of these nations were forged in a furnace that required resistance to colonial domination in order to survive. As such, resistance is part and parcel of such nationalisms and their very existence is a form of resistance to imperialist intrusions. Third World nationalism attempts to ensure that the identities of Third World peoples are authored primarily by themselves, not colonial powers.

Nationalism & nation-state

three characteristics.

1. A nation-state's people share some or all of such common traits as culture, history, language, and religion.

2. Its people experience a feeling of unity.

3. Its people inhabit a specific area of land with its own independent government.

Nationalism refers to a people's sense of common belonging and loyalty to a nation. Nationalism may arise among people who share such common traits as culture, language, origin, and tradition

Leading up to WW1

Nationalism and WW1

•Nationalism

•Imperialism

•Militarism

•Alliance

system

Nationalism

• Intense form of patriotism Pride towards one’s country and hatred for others
• Citizens of the European countries supported the war and viewed it as glorious.

• Two kinds of nationalism:

1. The desire of subject people for independence.

2. The desire of independent nations for dominance and prestige .

Nationalism: Great Britain

•Objective: strong navy forces to continue its overseas expansion and to secure its overseas trade.

•Alarmed by Germany >>> Dreadnought (a faster and thicker battleship that’s equipped with guns only)

•Germany was provoked. Competition arose(naval race)

Nationalism: Russia

•After the defeat in Crimean War (1856), Russia was forced to sign the Treaty of Paris, which stopped its expansion into the Balkans.

•1870: Broke the Treaty of Paris. Its territorial ambition clashed with those of Britain.

•Slavic ties with the Balkans.

Nationalism: Germany

•1871: united as a result of Franco-Prussian War

•Wanted to maintain its predominant in Europe by forming alliances with with other powers

•1890: wanted to influence the whole world>>>>> imperialization

•Kaiser Wilhelm II: Weltpolitik (world policy)

Nationalism: Austria-Hungary

•Dual monarchy since 1867

•Nationalism had been a threat to the Empire: German, Italian, Hungarian, Slavs(Serbs), Czech, Polish, Slovaks, Croat, Romanian nationalism.

•Particularly the Serbs <--->Russia (Slavic-ethnic ties)

Nationalism: France

•Once the dominant power in Europe

•1871: defeated in the Franco-Prussian war

•Lost Alsace and Lorraine to Germany

•Lost national prestige

•Recover her national prestige by acquiring overseas colonies and forming diplomatic alliances with other powers in Europe.

Nationalism: Italy

•Ambitious to grow into an Empire.

•Territorial dispute with France in Africa: Tunis &Tripoli

•Territorial dispute with Austria-Hungary over Trieste, Trento, and Tyrol.

•1915: joined Triple Entente (secret )

“We do not say that this war is declared yet, but we believe that it is inevitable. If Serbia wants to live in honour, she can do so only by this war. This war is determined by our obligation to our traditions and the world of culture. This war derives from the duty of our race which will not permit itself to be assimilated. This war must bring about the eternal freedom of Serbia, of the South Slavs, of the Balkan peoples. Our whole race must stand together to halt the onslaught of these aliens from the north.