Greece

not translated / no one knows

Phillip II of Macedon 359 - 336 BCE

Hellenistic Greece

Used to record palace goods

Linear A - Crete Writing

Retrained the army

Took over Greece

338-

Defeats Persian King Darius III

Alexander the Great 336 - 323

336 is murdered

Undeciphered -

332 BCE Enters Egypt

331 Founded Alexandria

323 dies in Babylon

Homer - The Odyssey

“Among their cities is the great city of Cnosus, where Minos reigned

when nine years old, he that held converse with great Zeus.”

1700 BCE Destroyed by earthquake & tsunami

Knossos

Rebuilt on a grander scale

Golden Age of Democracy

Assembly

Classical Period

Athens of Pericles

Male citizens could vote

Building of the Parthenon

1900 BCE

Ekklesia

Athens becomes major naval power

Athens becomes very rich and powerful

Bitter war against Athens by Sparta

Peloponessian War 431 - 404 BCE

Delian League

Sparta wins

Cretean hieroglyphs

Phaistos Disk

Mostly undeciphered

King Leonidas of Sparta his 300 die fighting the Persians

492 Persian fleet destroyed in a storm

Athenians under Themosticles defeat Persian navy

Probably a fertility prayer

to a Minoan Goddess

Classical Period

490 Battle of Marathon

Persian Wars 499-449

Darius the Great vs Athens

480 BCE Battle of Thermopylae

500 - 338 BCE

480 BCE Naval Battle of Salamis

479 BCE Spartans beat Persian army

Xerxes vs. Greek League

449 BCE Peace treaty with Persia

Persians vs. Delian League

Athens, Sparta, Thebes, Argos, Corinth, Megara

Assembly

750 BCE - Aristocrats seize power

Poleis - city states developed

Archaic Period

621 BCE - Draconian laws

546 BCE - Peisistratos Tyranny

594 BCE - Solon's reforms

800-500 BCE

509 BCE - Cleisthenes' Reforms

Ekklesia

Ostracism

Athens:

centered around palaces

2000 BCE

2000 BCE rose to prominence

1900 BCE

Minoan Crete

Phaistos

Palatial system:

Knossos

overpopulation

lack of land

social tensions

Colonization

Italy (Magna Graecia)

1100 - 500 BCE

trade

France, Spain

Sicily

Reasons:

Ship owners, builders, traders, craftsmen grew rich

North Africa

Navy needed to maintain contact

Trade brings goods to the poleis

Places:

Named "Minoan" after legendary king Minos

Minoan Crete

Wanted more political power

Inhabited since neolithic period.

Probably settled by migrants from Anatolia.

2200 - 2000 BCE first Aegean civilization

Significant contact with Egypt, Mesopotamia, Mainland Greece

Palace economy

Homeric Period

Homer's Odyssey & Illiad

Written around 800 BCE

Palace architecture disappears

Linear B writing system disappears

Dark Ages

Beginning of Great Greek Colonization

Small kings and aristocracy ruled

1100 - 800 BCE

First Ploleis established

Phoenician alphabet

Ancient Greek History

Towards the end of the Dark Age:

Main source:

Minoan Crete

3000 - 1500 BCE

Mycenaen Greece

1900 - 1100 BCE

The Homeric Period

(The Dark Ages)

1100 - 800 BCE

Archaic Period

800 - 500 BCE

Classical Period

500-338 BCE

Hellenistic Period

338 BCE -

Troy (Illium)

Turkey

Hellaspont

used to write Greek.

Aegean

Mycenaean Greece

Independent states - never unified

Megaron

Mount Olympus

1900 - 1100 BCE

Warrior culture

Athens

Megara

Palace system

Huge fortified palaces

Use of metal, bronze, iron

Use Linear B writing system

Gulf of Corinth

Corinth

Crete

Knossos

Argos

Sparta

Trojan war

Peloponnesus

Mediterranean

Turkey

Anatolia

Asia Minor

Hellaspont

Aegean Sea

Crete

Peloponnesus

Mediterranean Sea