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Social Classes in early 19th Century England

Social Hierarchy:

“England is the most class-ridden country under the sun. It is a land of snobbery and privilege, ruled largely by the old and silly.” --George Orwell.

Lower Class

Upper Class

Middle Class

  • Split into two classes
  • Working class--
  • Manual Labourers
  • Lowest level of work
  • The Poor/Underclass--
  • Refer to those who are "chronically unemployed," sometimes for generations
  • Live in council housing
  • Highest power, authority, and social status holder
  • Consisted of aristocrats, ruling families, titled people, and religious hierarchs
  • EXTREMELY WEALTHY
  • People of leisure
  • Difficult for individual to from under classes to move up
  • Wide band of English population
  • Divided into upper and lower middle class
  • Upper: People at administrative levels enjoying high authority and high social status in the society
  • Lower: People who are typically employed in relatively unskilled service industry jobs such as retail sales, travel agents, factories, etc.

The "noble family name"

The First Industrial Revolution

Urban Growth

  • 1760~1830: Started in Britain
  • Shift from agrarian/handicraft economy to one dominated by industry and machine manufacture
  • Rise of the middle class, later known as the "nouveau-riche"
  • Not as prevalent until mid 19th-century
  • Main and crucial difference that separated this class from the other classes
  • Most appreciated and valued part of them
  • Could not lose reputation or be forgotten easily
  • The older, the better
  • Noble = rich?
  • Industrial Revolution -- more jobs offered in big cities
  • BUT...
  • Harsh conditions
  • Laborers treated as commodities, not human beings
  • Working class girls-- prostitution

Marriage

Pride and Prejudice

  • Society defines privilege and power based on land, birth, and blood relation

Thus, marriage becomes...

  • One of the only methods of

social elevation

  • Seen from mostly every marriage in Pride and Prejudice
  • Lady Catherine
  • Old aristocracy
  • Darcy
  • Master of Pemberley
  • Bingley
  • Became wealthy from trade

Bibliography:

Pride and Prejudice

  • Aleksic, Jovana. "19th Century England: The Upper Class." Glopinion. Glbrain.com, 3 Oct. 2013. Web. 06 Apr. 2015.
  • Cody, David. "Social Class." Victorian Web. N.p., 22 July 2002. Web. 06 Apr. 2015.
  • The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. "Industrial Revolution." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, 11 Nov. 2014. Web. 06 Apr. 2015.
  • Hierarchystructure.com. "19th Century England Social Hierarchy." Hierarchy Structure - Social Hierarchy. Hierarchy Structure, 2013. Web. 06 Apr. 2015.
  • Natarajan, T. "Social Evolution in Pride and Prejudice | MSS Research." MSS Research. MSS Research 2015, n.d. Web. 06 Apr. 2015.
  • Bennets
  • Land aristocrat
  • Mrs. Bennet's middle class origins cast a shadow on the respectability of the whole family
  • Lucases
  • Businessman
  • Collins
  • Gardiners and Phillips
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