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Nouns ending in "y"

Words ending in "-i" follow the general rule, adding -s:

Ski, skis

Taxi. taxis

Nouns ending in "o"

Nouns ending in -y, form their plural adding an -s, pronounced /z/, but only nouns which "y" ending is preceded by a vowel, follow that rule.

NOTE: there are some words, ending in -f, that can use both -fs and -ves:

hoof --> hoofs, hooves

scarf --> scarfs, scarves

The general rule is adding -s

Piano --> pianos

Photo --> photos

Radio --> radios

days

monkeys

Another group, that only includes a few, interchangeably -s or -es:

cargo --> cargos, cargoes

domino --> dominos, dominoes

1.-Form the plural of these words and explain the reasons.

drop-out…………………….

show-off………………………….

put-down………………………….

Spoonful……………………

mother-in-law……………………

passer-by……………………..

hanger-on……………………

Nouns pronounced /f/

follow the general rule:

roof --> roofs

belief --> beliefs

laugh --> laughs

waif --> waifs

Note: boy/friend and

girl/friend only add -s

on the second element.

-The plural morpheme

appears in the last element:

Take-off

Breakdowns

Spoonfuls

4.-Give the plurals of the following words:

Hoof ……………………………….. Breakdown……………………

Still life…………………………… Hero …………………………

Salesman…………………….. Ski……………………….

However, if "y" is preceded

by a consonant it

turns into a semiconsonant "i"

and the plural

adds -es, pronounced like /z/

Lady --> ladies

Body --> bodies

Spy --> spies

Words ending in /ϴ/ change

the phoneme into /ð/

before adding /z/:

Bath, mouth, path,

truth and youth.

Plural spelling

rules and

pronunciation

/z/: cars, beds,

tables, ties...

The general rule to form the plural is adding an -s to the noun. If the end of the word is voiceless we get a voiceless plural ending /s/, but if the end of the word is voiced we get a voiced plural ending /z/.

The most common ending is the voiced one /z/, even so, many people expect the plural to be pronounced voiceless /s/.

/s/: books, cats, caps, darts...

If the noun ends in a voiced consonant, the plural

form adds -es, and its pronunciation is /iz/.

Page --> pages

House --> houses

Box --> Boxes

NOTE: when a word finishes in double

consonant, in order to separate the

consonants we put a vowel in the middle.

Church --> churches

Class --> classes

Fish --> fishes

The plural of

the compound nouns

Plural spelling rules and pronunciation

are how words, like nouns, are written

and pronounced in their plurals, depending

on what their singular form is.

2.- Say how you pronounce the last syllable of this compounds:

policeman policemen

superman supermen

3.-Write the words in the correct column according to the pronunciation of the words below:

Papers, computers, darts, guitars, chairs, cats, maps, rats, baths, rocks

Cars /z/:.............

Books /s/:............

There are three common cases to express

this plural:

-The first element takes the plural morpheme:

Mothers-in-law

passers-by

men-of-war

-The plural morpheme appears

in both elements:

Manservant --> menservants

woman doctor --> women doctors

man student -->men students

Those nouns that

end in -oo follow

the general rule:

zoo --> zoos

cuckoo --> cuckoos

Approximation plurals

This group includes some spanish words indicating a couple.

Tíos: aunt and uncle

Hermanos: brothers and sisters

Reyes: the king and the queen

Los novios: the bride and the groom

However, there is a reduced

number of nouns that form

their plural adding -es:

Hero --> heroes

Tomato --> tomatoes

Potato --> potatoes

However, there is a reduced

group of nouns that

change -f into -v and add -es:

life --> lives

knife --> knives

wife --> wives

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