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MODELING

Early Childhood Brain Development and TOXIC STRESS

Plasticity & Synaptic Pruning

The brain's ability to change as a result of experience.

Discarding unused connections in the brain.

Neural pathways that are used are maintained.

Brain Development

Boys' and girls' brains develop differently.

Brain development is finished in the mid-20s.

Building a

Healthy Brain

Emotions

Most of a newborn's brain cells are formed during the prenatal period.

Responding to an infant each time the infant cries influences brain development.

Exposure to negative experiences influences the brain's development.

Emotions are stored in memory and serve as the foundation for later learning and life.

Play provides opportunities for the brain to develop connections.

Prevent Child Abuse Network

www.zerotothree.org

Is all stress damaging?

Experiences Build Brain Architecture

http://developingchild.harvard.edu/resources/multimedia/videos/three_core_concepts/brain_architecture/

No. The prolonged activation of the body's stress response systems can be damaging, but some stress is a normal and healthy part of life. Learning how to cope with stress is an important part of development.

Relationships

"Initially, your baby's entire world consist of you and your spouse and any other caregivers who are with him on a daily basis." (Greenspan, 1999).

Relationships with others: parents, siblings, extended family, caregivers, teachers, etc...

"There is no such thing as a baby... if you set out to describe a baby, you will find you are describing a baby and someone." (Winnicott, 1947).

Warm, loving attachments give children the foundation they need for healthy development.

Mirroring

  • The behavior in which one person copies another person.
  • Usually during direct social interaction.
  • May include movements and body language (feeding a baby).
  • Promotes early parent bonding.
  • Affect mirroring relates to infant's understanding of social expectations.

TOXIC STRESS

Mirror Neurons

Parents and teachers are a mirror.

Positive stress response

Tolerable stress response

Toxic stress response

Responsive Interactions

Repeating Experiences

Social/Emotional Referencing

Reinforces connections

Ongoing opportunities to practice

Understanding of experiences changes over time

Be patient

Sensitive, flexible and reciprocal

Shared positive emotions

Listen, read and react positively, play games, label items, converse with child

Ingredients for a

Healthy Brain

  • Includes child's experience, expression and managing of emotions.
  • Ability to identify and understand one's own feelings, to accurately read and comprehend emotional states of others.
  • To manage expression of strong emotions.
  • Regulate behavior
  • Develop empathy
  • Maintain relationships

When should we worry about toxic stress?

Relationships

Responsive Interactions

Respect

Routines

Repetition

- If at least one parent/caregiver is consistently engaged in a caring, supportive relationship most stress responses will be tolerable.

- When the stressors are severe and long-lasting and adult relationships are unresponsive or inconsistent, it's important for intervention with support, services and programs to become involved.

developingchild.harvard.edu

PCAN

www.zerotothree.org

Interpersonal Context

Relaxation Strategy

  • Infant social/emotional development occurs in an interpersonal context.
  • Brain research indicates that emotion and cognition are profoundly interrelated.

Routines

Respect

What can we do to prevent damage from toxic stress?

Predictable events

Strengthen brain connections

Builds trust

Opportunity for individual attention

Establish/follow schedule

Adapt routines to child needs

Provide individual attention

Incorporate learning into routines

Recognize successes

Call child by name

Understand child's culture

Provide ethnic toys, pictures, food and practices

What causes stress to become toxic?

The extent to which stressful events have lasting adverse effects is determined in part by the individual's biological response, and in part by the duration, intensity, timing, and context of the stressful experience.

The most effective prevention is to reduce exposure of young children to extremely stressful conditions, such as recurrent abuse, chronic neglect, caregiver mental illness or substance abuse, and/or violence or repeated conflict.

Supportive, responsive relationships with caring adults as early in life as possible can prevent or reverse damaging effects.

The 5 Rs for building a healthy brain.

Trust-based relational interventions - TCU

www.child.tcu.edu/resources.asp

ACE Score

The Adverse Childhood Experiences Study

Linking childhood trauma to long-term health and social consequences.

www.acestudy.org

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