Reproduction
- Their reproduction and associated behaviour is unique among the animal world. The behaviour is complex but universal within dragonflies and damselflies, although with difference spices there could be some minor variations.
- Territorial Behaviour
- Some dragonflies and damselflies species show very strong territory behaviour while some species do not. In dragonflies and damselflies the territory will usually be a good egg-laying site.
- Courtship and Recognition
- Courtship and recognition includes the male showing his ovipositing site to the female. By courtship, the male and female can make sure they are the same species and are suitable mates. The female may reject the mating if she thinks the ovipositing site is not good enough. There are different courtship pattern for different species.
Life Cycle
A dragonfly has a life span of more than a year, but very little of that life is actually as an adult dragonfly. There are three stages of the dragonfly life cycle, the egg, the nymph, and the adult dragonfly. Most of the life cycle of a dragonfly is lived out in the nymph stage and you don’t see them at all.
Odonata
Nymph
The nymph looks like the adult except for its smaller size. It feeds on host and develops into adult. The nymph stage may take 10-15 days.
The dragonfly is an insect that has inhabited the earth for several years (almost 300 million years). There are many people who believe that these insects live only for a day. This however is not true. At the shortest the life cycle of a dragonfly from egg to the death of the adult is about six months. There are even dragonflies that live for several years as aquatic larvae before they emerge and live for a few months as adults. .
Anoplura
Life Cycle
- There are three stages in the life cycle of louse. Metamorphosis is incomplete.
- have around 500 species and represent the smaller of the two traditional suborders of lice. As opposed to the paraphyletic chewing lice, which are now divided among three suborders, the sucking lice are monophyletic.
- The Anoplura are all blood-feeding ectoparasites of mammals.
Reproduction
Adult
They lay eggs on host, then they hatch and live and feed off of the host. They can move to a different host by any sort of contact and lay eggs there.
The entire life cycle from egg to adult takes about 15-17 days under favorable conditions. Adult louse lives from 30 -60 days. If unfed lice are kept away from their host they will die within 2-5 days. Blood fed louse may survive up to 10 days. Heavily infested person have 400-500 louse on their head and clothes.
Anoplura &
Odonata
Eggs
Group 4
The eggs are laid singly or in groups. They are firmly attached to the hairs or seams of clothing by cemented substance. Eggs are small, pointed at one end and white in color. The female lays up to 300 eggs at the rate of 4-9 a day. Under favorable environmental conditions of temperature, the eggs will hatch in 6-9 days. The eggs will not hatch if the temperature is below 22 c.
Abella-Agngarayngay-Morales-Ramos-Rosal-Smale
Eggs
Adult
Larva
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- Eggs are laid either into plant material (endophytic eggs) or deposited loosely into water (exophytic eggs). The former are elongated, but the latter are rounded and laid in a jelly-like substance which confers some protection.
- Eggs hatch either within 2–5 weeks
- Larval development typically takes one or two years.
- What emerges from the egg is tiny and tadpole-like, and designed to escape from the egg.
- All dragonfly larvae have six legs (as do adults), wing-sheaths, a hinged jaw (labium) that can shoot out in an instant and catch prey, and the ability to breathe underwater.
- Once the dragonfly leaves the exuvia it is a full grown dragonfly. The dragonfly will hunt for food and begin to look for a mate. Once the dragonfly finds a mate, the female will find a body of calm water that will be a good place to lay her eggs, and the life cycle of the dragonfly begins all over again. Adult dragonflies only live about two months.
Emergence
- do not have a pupal stage, but progress to adults through a final larval moult that takes place out of water. Triggered by day length and temperature, emergence is synchronized in some species, such as Emperor Dragonfly, which emerge in spring, but is more extended in the later-emerging species.
- Final-stage larvae sit in shallow water near the margins for several days, getting ready for their final moult and starting to breathe air. Most species leave the water during the morning, but hawkers do so under cover of darkness. Larvae climb up robust emergent vegetation, although some may walk several metres over dry land before finding somewhere suitable. After finding a secure support, they redistribute their body fluids – first to push the thorax, head, legs and wings out of the larval skin.