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Spreading Awareness of Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Introduction to RSV

Images Cited

By Olivia Schutz with Dr. Crotteau

Massanutten Regional Governor's School and Stonewall Jackson High School

Al Johani, S. Akhter, J. (2013). Virology and Molecular Epidemiology of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). Respiratory Disease and Infection - A New Insight. Bassam H. Mahboub (Eds).Chapter 2, 33-35.

Burnett, Jonathan (2013). Baby Your Baby- All About RSV. Intermountain Moms. Retrivied from https://intermountainhealthcare.org

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2014). Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov

Eiland, L (2009). Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention. The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2, 75-85.

Haynes, L.M. (2013). Progress and challenges in RSV prophylaxis and vaccine development. Surveillance for Respiratory Syncytial Virus in CDC's Global Disease Detection Network: Epidemiology, Disease Burden and Clinical Characteristics, vol 208, 177-182.

Pregnancy and Baby (2016). What You Need to Know About RSV. Retrieved from http://www.pregnancyandbaby.com

Redwood’s Medical Edge (2013). What is RSV? Retrived from http://jordynredwood.blogspot.com/2013/10/what-is-rsv.html

WebMD (2016). RSV in babies. Retrieved from http://www.webmd.com/parenting/baby/rsv-in-babies

Rationale

Literature Review

My literature review revolved around RSV infection symptoms, virology, treatments, and national issues. Also incorporating the emotional turmoil severe RSV cases.

In the U.S alone, over 120,000 infants are placed into hospitals annually; over 200 of those cases result in death due to RSV infections (Brearey & Smyth, 2007, p. 141).

RSV awareness, prevention, treatments are vital for the well being of future infants (and even the older generations)!

Pathogenesis of RSV in Children

Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Virology, Reverse Genetics, and Pathogens of Disease

  • This went over the symptoms of RSV, hospitalization statistics, and other following respiratory infections.

Reasons I chose this project....

  • Basically went over the virology and biology of RSV.
  • The different sections of the RSV virus and how their functions correlate to RNA, virions, and proteins.
  • I volunteer at my local pregnancy center every week. In addition, my Aunt Alida gave me the idea for this project!

Identification of broad-spectrum antiviral compounds and assessment of the druggability of their target for efficacy against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

  • Touched base on the new approach to develop drugs for RSV.
  • Their experiment concluded that focusing on the host process and direct interaction with the encoded genes than host enzymes.

References

RSV

Collins, P.S., Fearns, R., & Graham B.S.(2013). Respiratory syncytial virus: virology, reverse genetics, and pathogens of disease. In L.J. Anderson & B.S. Graham (Eds.), Challenges and opportunities for respiratory syncytial virus vaccines, 372, 4-38.

Eiland, L (2009). Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention. The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2, 75-85.

Haynes, L.M. (2013). Progress and challenges in RSV prophylaxis and vaccine development. Surveillance for Respiratory Syncytial Virus in CDC's Global Disease Detection Network: Epidemiology, Disease Burden and Clinical Characteristics, vol 208, 177-182.

Scott, B. (Baylor Scott & White Health) (2016, January 19th). How to recognize RSV symptoms: Scarlett's story. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com

WebMD (2016). RSV in babies. Retrieved from http://www.webmd.com/parenting/baby/rsv-in-babies

For over 150 years, clinical scientists have identified Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) by its symptomatic title “congestive catarrhal fever” (Brearey & Smyth, 2007, p. 141).

Yet the question still remains......

What exactly is RSV?

Who's Affected??

Video

The Facts

RSV is a highly contagious respiratory infection effecting most children before their second birthday.

Despite being a common virus, high risk infants can suffer from severe cases.

Older adults with heart and lung diseases are also high risk.

RSV infections generally peak during fall, winter, and spring.

Virology

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2014). Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov

  • RSV is nonsegmented negative strain of RNA, deriving from the Paramyxovirida family.

  • It is related to several other RNA viruses, including parainfluenza types 1, 2, and 3, measels and mumps.

  • Due to the complex protein sequencing, RSV has many subgroups; thus, developing a vaccine is challenging.

Public Knowledge

Transmission

  • RSV mortality is mainly observed in middle to low income nations. While the mortality rates are lower in high income nations, such as the U.S due to medical advances.

  • As stated before, most infants who develop RSV are high risk such as being premature, having a low immune system, and weaker heart and lung function

  • Thus, most people do not even know about RSV because it masks as a cold.
  • The virus enters the body through the nose, mouth, and eyes.

  • Infected individuals pass the virus through coughing, sneezing, or direct contact.

  • Virus can also live for hours on objects such as toys.

References

Symptoms

Diagnosis

Symptoms of RSV infections commonly appear about four to six days after exposure.

This includes.....

Severe Case

Mild Case

Doctor diagnosis patients based on....

  • Physical exam
  • Listen to lungs with a stethoscope to check for abnormal sounds.
  • Pulse oximetry (skin monitoring of oxygen levels in blood stream)
  • Blood tests
  • Chest X-rays
  • Lab tests of respiratory secretions from the nose
  • Sore throat
  • Mild headache
  • Dry cough
  • Congested or runny nose
  • Low grade fever
  • Bluish color of skin
  • Fever
  • Severe cough
  • Wheezing
  • Rapid breathing

Treatment

  • Limited to managing the symptoms.
  • Fluids
  • Mucus suction
  • Ventilator placement
  • Palivizumab
  • More antibodies
  • RSV F Vaccine
  • Antigen

Al Johani , S. Akhter, J. (2013). Virology and molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Respiratory Disease and Infection - A New Insight. Bassam H. Mahboub (Eds). Chapter 2, 33-35.

Bonaviaa, A., Frantia, M., Keaneva, E.P., Kuhena, K., Seepersaunda, M., Radeticha, B., Shaoa, J., Hondaa, A., Dewhursta, J., Balabanisa, K., Monroea, J., Wolffa, K., Osbornea, C., Lanieria, L., Hoffmastera, K., Amina, J., Markovita, J., Broomea, M., Skubaa, E.,Taracidoa, I.C., Jobertyb, G., Bouwmeestera, T., Hamanna, L., Tallaricoa, J.A, Tommasia, R., Comptona, T., and Bushell, S.M. (2011). Identification of broad-spectrum antiviral compounds and assessment of the druggability of their target for efficacy against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol 108, 6739- 6744.

Brearey, S.P., Smyth, R.L. (2007). Pathogenesis of RSV in children. In P.Cane, A.J. Zuckerman, I.K. Mushahwar (Eds.), Respiratory Syncytial Virus, volume 14, 141-145.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2014). Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov

Future

What's In Store for RSV

My Project

Special Thanks!!!

Overview

  • RSV F Vaccine
  • Currently undergoing clinical trials
  • Wait and see!

Dr. Crotteau

My Aunt Alida

Dr. Malloy

My Parents (Pat and Laurel)

MRGS Staff

MRGS Students

The wait is too long!!

Conference

My project involved promoting the awareness of RSV to my local community such as local pregnancy centers, expecting parents, and other audience needing to know more about this virus.

I went to a conference in Northern Virginia at Navy Hospital and National Institutes of Health (NIH) with my Aunt Alida (who works at NIH).

NIH Presentation

"Interview" with Dr. Malloy

  • I was able to discuss RSV with Dr. Malloy after her presentation, for about 20 to 30 minutes
  • I attended a presentation pertaining to the development of a vaccine.

  • I learned the methods, time, and criticisms regarding the development of vaccines in the U.S
  • Dr. Malloy is perfect!!

RSV Presentation

  • Presented by Dr. Allison Malloy
  • Specializes in Pediatric Infectious Disease Medicine
  • Discussed RSV as a whole..
  • Including....
  • Transportation
  • Symptoms
  • Consequences
  • Virology
  • Vaccine

My Project's Future

Informing Public

The information discussed throughout this presentation, I want to share with the public!

Conclusion

Implementation

  • In the future, I want to distribute the brochures and other forms of information to the local community (pregnancy centers, hospitals, etc)!

Importance

Although increasing awareness to the local public will not biologically "stop" the virus, it will stimulate alertness and prevention of RSV. Brochures, tri-folds, and orally communicating information about RSV to the community will help formulate more knowledge about RSV.

Limitations/Issues

  • On a global scale, RSV is the leading cause for lower respiratory tract infections and hospitalizations in infants and young children!

  • The topic of RSV, in my opinion, is invasive.
  • Reason why I decided brochure, presentation, and tri-fold were the best options.
  • Most research pertaining to RSV is in Northern Virginia.
  • In order to distribute brochures and all, I would need them approved.

Brochure

Prevention

  • I decided to make a brochure!
  • Produce in large amounts.
  • Easy to distribute.
  • Clear interpretations and information provided.

Tri-fold

  • Practical prevention practices were the essential ideas I wanted to convey in my information regarding RSV.
  • This includes...
  • Washing hand frequently
  • Cleaning household items such as baby toys, counter tops, etc..
  • Not smoking
  • Covering mouth when coughing or sneezing
  • Refrain kissing or sharing glassware.
  • Tri-folds are another easy form to clear state the main points of RSV.
  • Visual
  • Clear points
  • I really love tri-folds!
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