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Education has seen countless transformations throughout the years.
In 1946, Heman Sweatt, an African-American, applied to the law school at University of Texas School of Law. He was denied admission based on the color of his skin. Sweatt fought the decision and the case made its way to the U.S. Supreme Court. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that it was a violation of the constitutional guarantee of equal protection under the law to deny admission on the basis of race (Desegregation - Sweatt v. Painter (1950)). Therefore, Sweatt could not be refused admission to the university based solely on his race.
(Boyle, 2014)
In 1845, in Boston, MA., Horace Mann and allies on the Boston School Committee introduced the first written test to public schools (Reese). The scores were so low that it prompted those concerned with education to create new ways to measure a student's knowledge.
No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) was created by Congress and signed into law by President George W. Bush. The law was established in order to reform education. NCLB required all states that receive federal funding hire highly educated teachers and set measurable goals. Schools that follow the guidelines set forth by NCLB receive substantial funding which will help school districts achieve the required goals (Elementary and Secondary Education Act).
The College Board accepted using the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) as a college admissions test. This test was used as a guide to help eliminate those individuals who did not have high IQ's. The first SAT was administered to 8,000 people (WGBH educational foundation, 1995-2014).
The oldest school in America is Boston Latin School. It was founded April 23, 1635 by the Town of Boston (Boston Latin School Association). The founders shared the Greek's philosophy and centered the curriculum around teaching humanities.
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In 1819, Thomas Jefferson founded the University of Virginia. The University of Virginia is considered to be the first nonsectarian university in the United States (Founding of the University, 2010). It was also the first university to allow the students to select their own courses.
The first statewide standardized testing program, created by E.F. Lindquist, occurred at the University of Iowa in 1929 (Holmgren, 2014). Every student enrolled at a public school within the state was tested over all academic subjects. These test were able to provide information to educators on what instruction should be taught.
The Programmed Logic for Automatic Teaching Operations (PLATO) computer replaced the typewriters in public schools (Dunn, 2011). The Plato was one of the earliest computers introduced to public schools. It was used as an educational tool.