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Differential Association/ Reinforcement Theory
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Differential Association theory was developed by Edwin Sutherland. He developed with the belief that deviant behavior is learned through interactions with intimate groups of people and that when the behavior is learned the techniqes are learned.
The causes for deviance according to the Differential Association theory are
- Deviance and negative behavior is learned.
- An individual takes on the behaviors of the people that they are surrounded by.
The sociologist that would focus on Differential Association would be an interactionalist because the theory deals with how one person's actions can mold another's.
The people most impacted by the Differential association are children who live in home with drug addicted parents. The children in this type of environment might grow up thinking that it is okay to use drugs.
Example of Differential Association:
Child grows up in a neighborhood with a lot of crime and does not find a problem with joining a gang.
The Reinforcement Theory was developed by B.F. Skinner. He developed the theory while working with lab rats and noticing their responses when reinforcers (food pellets) were given.
The Reinforcement Theory is a way to stop deviance through rewarding good behavior and punishing for bad bahavior.
An interactionalist would be most interested in the Reinforcement Theory because it shows how a person responds to positive and negative consequences from others.
The Reinforcement Theory impacts parents and teachers a lot because they have to use "reinforcers" to persuade children to behave desirably. Another group that is impacted by this theory is government in the form of taxes and handling crime.
Example of Reinforcement Theory:
Having the off-campus lunch pass taken away because a student is late to their third period class. The punishment is the reinforcer.
Positive Punishment (reinforcement)
Positive reinforcement (rewards)
Differential Association (daughter might smoke later on in life)
Negative punishment (getting cell phone taken away)
Negative reinforcement (turning off music while doing homework).
- http://criminology.wikia.com/wiki/Differential_Reinforcement_Theory
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinforcement
Differential Association/
Reinforcement Theory
By: Katherine Schneider & Arriana McLymore
Causes:
Works Cited
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