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Opposes the use of standardized tests to measure student intelligence.
Lev Vygotsky
Russian psychologist who is best-known for his sociocultural theory. He believed that social interaction played a critical role in children's learning.
Rather than assessing what a student knows to determine intelligence, it is more helpful to compare their ability to independently solve problems with their ability to solve problems with the assistance of someone who has mastered the concepts being learned.
Give a simplified version of the concept or assignment at first, then increase the complexity over time
Describe or illustrate a concept, problem, or process in multiple ways
Give examples or models of the assignment to be completed
Explain difficult vocabulary prior to the lesson
Clear purpose, directions, and learning goals
Explicit description of how the new lesson builds on knowledge or skills taught in a previous lesson
social interaction is the basis for cognitive growth
Vygotsky’s concept of the zone of proximal development is based on the idea that development is defined by:
1) what a child can do independently
2) what the child can do when assisted by an adult or more competent peer.
(Daniels, 1995; Wertsch, 1991).
In a classroom setting, the teacher is responsible for structuring interactions and developing instruction in small steps based on tasks the learner is already capable of performing independently — an instructional strategy known as scaffolding. The instructor is also charged with providing support until the learner can move through all tasks independently.
Therefore... communication in a social setting with more knowledgeable people (parents, teachers, peers, others) assists children in building an understanding of the concept.
Give an example of scaffolding that you have utilized within a lesson or activity.
Give an example of a time when you did NOT use scaffolding and a lesson or activity went poorly.
"Scaffolds" are tasks or levels on which the teacher builds to develop learners’ zones of proximal development.
Instruction should emphasize connections to what the learner already knows in other familiar, everyday contexts.