Introducing 

Prezi AI.

Your new presentation assistant.

Refine, enhance, and tailor your content, source relevant images, and edit visuals quicker than ever before.

Loading…
Transcript

Thank you for your attention!

And one more thing...

Conclusion

The context...

Diabetic Retinopathy is due to the damage high blood glucose levels cause to the small blood vessels of the retina...

Diabetic retinopathy increases with the length of diabetes. 20% will have retinal changes after 10 years. 80% after 20 years.

It is the leading cause of blindness in working adults.

Diabetic retinopathy can be split into several stages; Background (or pre-proliferative) and Proliferative.

The effects of the different types of diabetes on the retina are initially different...

  • Type 1; progression may be fairly rapid to proliferative retinopathy (Often accelerated by poor control of diabetes and blood pressure)
  • Type 2; Progression is much slower and initially in the macular region causing a maculopathy. The patients may eventually develop a proliferative retinopathy.

What Happens...

  • Cappilaries of the retina lined with endothelial cells. These are supported by Pericytes which provide tone to the vessels.
  • In DM the ratio of cells is altered, with pericyte degeneration, the tight junctions of the cells become leaky allowing fluid to seep into the retina = swollen retina
  • This initiates degenerative and proliferative changes in the endothelium which causes thinckening of the capilary basement membrane = cappillary closure causing ischaemia
  • Ultimately a result of this is the growth of new cappilaries which are prone to bleeding and can cause vision loss. (through bleeding and retinal detachement)

Understanding

the pathology of diabetic retinopathy...

The pathological signs...

  • Diabetic capillaries are fragile and have excess permeability. Causing EXUDATES. The first sign is the developement of MICROANEURYSMS. These are associated with areas of non-perfusion.
  • Other features are superficial HAEMORRHAGES, the consequence of cappilary closure.
  • COTTON WOOL SPOTS are micro infarcts within the retina.

Diabetic retinopathy develops into proliferative disease when there is widespread development of cappillary non-perfusion with the ischaemia inducing new blood vessel growth. NEOVASCULARISATION.

Learn more about creating dynamic, engaging presentations with Prezi