References
- http://www.apa.org/pi/oema/resources/ethnicity-health/psychologists/sumner-prosser.aspx
- http://legacy.earlham.edu/~knigher/Contributions.htm
- http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/msartistic3-1609034-francis-sumner-presentation/
Sumner's Major Contributions
Contextual Forces
- Psychology Department at Howard University.
- Made contributions to the advancement of: The American Psychological Association, American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Educational Research Association, Eastern Psychological Association, Southern Society for Philosophy and Psychology, and The District of Columbia Psychological Association.
- He spent much time researching racial bias and implemented solutions for African American psychological testing.
Relevant Contributions
- Mainly the zeitgeist. During the time of his birth and early education, slavery had just ended and the revolutionary period for Blacks had just begun.
- Upon enrolling in the Doctorate program at Lincoln, he was drafted into World War I. He re-enrolled in the program once the war was over.
- Due to his color, he was denied funding by many agencies for his articles.
- Despite this, he published many articles and was a professor at many universities.
- Blacks still fear psychological testing
- Treatments may not really be effective for blacks
- There are beliefs that mental health treatment was designed by white people for white people.
- Blacks fear being involuntarily hospitalized
- Blacks lack interest in psychological testing because they are shamed by the stigma of medical illness
- Racial psychology still exists.
Background
- Born in Arkansas in 1865
- Did not receive High School Diploma
- Passed entrance exam for Lincoln University
- Received Bachelors of Arts in English from Clark University
- Graduate School: Lincoln University
- Member of Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity, Inc. Pi Gamma Mu, and Psi Chi
- First African American male to receive PhD in Psychology
- Father of Black Psychology
The Thoughts of:
Amber Clyburn
Yamina Mew
Jasmine Harrison
Francis Cecil Sumner