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PUBLIC RELATIONS HISTORY TIMELINE

The Federalist Papers

Phineas T. Barnum (B.1810)

Phineas T. Barnum is historically known for being a public relations wizard to say the least. He was a known strategic publicist and ring leader. He would publicize things that would bring attention to his circus that would sometime even be hoaxes. He is famously known for his phrase "There's a sucker born every minute." Although nowadays his methods would be considered unethical or as false-advertising. He did what he needed to do in order to draw an audience in.

We've all heard of the Federalist Papers in a U.S History class at one point in our lives. The Federalist Papers had a very big impact on the constitution of the U.S. They were written under the pen name Publius by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay. The Federalist Papers were written in order to garner support for the then-proposed Constitution which would replace the articles of confederation. The writings were so influential that each state eventually ratified the constitution. A great example of how writing can be used in public relations.

Samuel Adams (B.1754)

Samuel Adams was said to have what it takes to be a PR professional today. Samuel Adams is known as the chief strategist for the movement of independence. Public Relations today would be lucky to have a guy like him on their team because Samuel Adams. He wrote editorials, engaged key influencers, and designed different advertisement for the

movement towards independence.

Public Relations History Timeline

Ashley Lago

Amos Kendall (B.1789)

Arthur Page (B.1883)

Sophists, etc. (400 BCE)

Since ancient Greece was all about democratic processes, people were allowed to argue their point of view. Sophists taught the art of public speaking and took the side of whichever side they were hired to defend. Much like a lawyer, but it leaned more towards the public relations aspect. Rulers such as Alexander the Great had statues and temples dedicated to them all over different towns as a constant reminder of their presence- a common public relation technique.

Arthur Page is considered the father of corporate public relations for the work he did with AT&T. During his time there he developed a series of public relations methods that are referred to as the Page Principles. An examples of some of Page's Principles are to:

  • Tell the truth
  • Remain calm, patient, and good-humored
  • Listen to stakeholders

One can see how these different principles

are reflected in today's society.

Thomas Paine (B. 1737)

Paine was a very important figure in the 18th century because he was well known for his writing. His writing of "Common Sense" was said to have brought on a wide audience that swayed the undecided opinion towards the Independence from Britain. He also wrote other political pieces during times of revolution in France defending their revolution

Amos Kendall was a writer and an editor, and one of the biggest influencers for Andrew Jackson's "Kitchen Cabinet", he became the first White House press secretary. Among that he also wrote speeches, editorials, and news releases. He also developed the administrations own paper. He was also one of the people who heavily began to use Samuel Morse's new invention, the telegraph. Which changed the US communications as a whole.

Edward L. Bernays

Edward L. Bernays is considered the "father of public relations" because he was the first to implement the use of psychology in public opinion and advertising. Although some people don't agree with his methods because it's taken advantage of the public for selfish gain, his strategies are still used today because of their effectiveness. When the U.S went into WW1 he offered his services to the government's committee, the Creel Committee (or the CPI) used to influence the public opinion during the war.

Ivy Lee (1906)

It is said the Ivy Lee is the founder of modern public relations. He is also best known for having worked with the Rockefeller family. He established the Association of Railroad Executives and was the publicity director for Red Cross during WW1. In 1919, he founded the public relations counseling office Ivy Lee & Associates. He has become one of the most influential pioneers to public relations

Robber Barons

Robber Barons was a term used for big industry giants as a derogatory term for businessmen using capitalism to overwork workers for their own monetary benefit. This term was popularized and became part of the nation's lexicon after Matthew Josephson's book "The Robber Barons" gained a wide readership especially among historians. The term was used for the corporate tycoons at the time such as Rockerfeller, J.P Morgan, and Carngie.

THE END

Muckrakers (1890's-1910's)

The term Muckraker was used in the progressive era to describe reform-minded American journalists, it came from the reference of a character in the classic book Pilgrim's Progress "the man with the muck-rake", who rejected salvation in order to focus on filth. An obvious metaphor to who they were referring to. But the term, was popularized and used more because McClure magazine's use of the word in order to describe different issue's they spoke about such as corporate monopolies and tried to raise awareness on different issues such as child labor, prostitution, and urban poverty.

Office of War Information (1942)

The Office of War Information was headed by Elmer Davis during WW2. Information would be coordinated from the military to gain public support for the war effort and undermine the enemy's morale. OWI delivered propaganda both at home and abroad. It controlled all the war information that was shown to the public.

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