agriculture and livestock farming in Spain

Agriculture and livestock farming in Spain

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Spain´s primary sector:

• the primary sector used to be Spain´s most important economic sector. however, in the mid 20 th century, the industrial and service sector grew rapidly. today, just 4.2% of the active population in Spain words in the primary sector

Main crops in Spain:

• cereals( barley, wheat and maize)
• olives and products from vineyards
• fruit: citrus fruits, such as oranges and lemon, are grown in the community of Valencia, other fruits, including apples, cherries and peaches
• flowers: flowers are mainly grown in Andalusia, Galicia, the region of Murcia, the canary island, the community of Valencia and Catalonia
• greenhouse vegetables: these vegetables are grown in modern greenhouses throughout the year. they are mainly grown in Andalusia.

The agricultural landscapes of Spain

Main regions for livestock farming:

Atlantic Agricultural Landscapes:

Types of agricultural landscapes:

Mediterranean Agricultural Landscapes:

• Andalusia: pig and sheep rearing are the main type oh livestock farming.
• the Meseta: sheep are the main livestock reared in this region.

In Spain, there are four climates zones:

In Spain, most livestock farming is intensive, with animals living on farms and consuming fodder

• north-western Spain: this region specialises in rearing cattle for milk and meat.
• Catalina, Aragon Navarre and north of the community of Valencia. these regions produce eggs milk and meat from poultry, pigs and cattle.

Continental Agricultural Landscapes:

Mediterranean landscapes can be found along the coast and some areas og the Guadalquivir and Ebro river basins

• Agriculture is based on fruit, vegetables and flower cultivation
• Pigs and poultry are reared on farms.

These landscapes are found in the mountains, humid areas, north of the Peninsula

• Cattle are reaced using extensive or semi-intensive livestock farming
• The original deciduous forests have been replaced by eucalyptus and pine trees.
• Agricultural fields do not occuoy much land.

Agricultural Landscapes on the Canary Island:

these landscapes are found in the interior of the peninsula on the Meseta

• Dryland farming
• The main type of livestock reared is semi-house sheep
• Irrigated farming is used for vegetables in the fertile lowlands of the Ebro river in La Rioja, navarre, Aragon.

Fishing in Spain:

Fishing in the European Union:

The rugged terrain and lack of water on the Canary Island makes farming in some areas difficult.

tobacco is especially important to the local economy.

Spain´s powerful fishing industry:

Spain´s fishing industry thought it would benefit from joining the EU. his has not been the case for several reasons:

Spain´s fishing industry is one of the biggest in the UE.

The expansion of the fishing industry:

• The fishing capacity of member sates was high in relation to the available resources.
• UE polices that opened up the market meant that European fishermen had to compete with other countries.
• Most of the UE´s financial assistance went towards the modernisation of fishing fleets.

Since 1973, the fishing industry has been in crisis due to:

• Species depletion: abuse fishing practices have reduced the number of species in coastal fishing grounds
• problems in areas of deep-sea fishing: many countries have limited deep-sea fishing in their waters.

Industry in Spain:

Main Industrial sectors:

Industrial Development in Spain:

Spain began the process of industrialisation in the 19th century, but this sector did not grow significantly until the middle of the 20th century.

European union agricultural policy

Spain in the European Industrial network:

When Spain joined the European union, it had to change some of its agriculture practices. Spain received significant economic assistance from the EU to help it modernise the sector, increase productivity and improve the quality of its products.

Industrial activity is located near its main cities and transport network. It is concentrated in Catalonia, the Community of Madrid he Basque Country and the community of Valencia and around the ities of Zaragoza, Vitoria, Murcia, Vigo and Valladolid.

• The iron and steel sector: based in Asturias, Cantabria,Seville,etc..
• The metal processing industry: it is mainly located in Barcelona, Madrid and the Basque country.
• The naval engineering sector:cam be found in Cadiz, Bilbao etc..
• The chemical industry: is run smaller companies located in Madrid, Andalusia, the Basque Country, Catalonia.
• The food and drink sector:is found in Spain: Andalusia Catalonia, Murcia Navarre,etc...
• The night-tech industry: is located in Madrid, Barcelona, Albacete.

The most important industrial centres:

• The Ebro area connects with Madrid via Zaragoza.
• The Mediterranean area connects Spain to industries in Mediterranean Europe.

Photos:

Agricultural of Canary island:

Fishing in Spain:

Livestock:

Trade and transport in Spain:

Trade and the European union:

Transport networks:

The characteristics:

Transport is a very important sector in Spain

Transport

The road network:

Tourism in Spain Today:

Mining in Spain:

• A negative of trade: the products that Spain buys from other countries have a higher value than those that it sells.
• A balance of payments in surplus.

Spain has invested heavily in its road network in recent and of its heavily populated areas.however, there are still some problems.

• traffic jams: in urban areas and on routes to popular weekend and holiday destination during peak times.
• The pollution caused by carbon dioxide from cars and the high number of accidents.

Maritime transport:

In Spain, maritime transport is used for trade and transporting passengers.

Mining, Energy and construction in Spain:

The rail network:

Air transport:

Energy in Spain:

Mining in Spain:

In recent years, Spain has invested heavily in its rail network.

Spain has more than 2200 kilometres of high-speend rail.

Spain does not produce enough energy to meet its needs. for this reason, it must import oil and natural gas.

Spain invest a lot in air transport and infrastructure. it is a fundamental part of the Spanish economy since it is so closed related to tourism.

Spain produces limited amounts of coal, tin,iron,lead,zinc,mercury,copper,wolfram,potash and sulphur.

however, the mining sector in Spain cannot meet the needs of local industry. for this reason, Spain imports the majority of the basic minerals it uses.

Energy production and consumption:

Construction: a key sector

Tourism in Spain

Where tourist come from and where they go:

Construction is a key sector in the Spanish economy

In the middle of the 1980s there was a construction boom as buildings and new infrastructure were built and renovated.

Tourism in Spain Today:

Nuclear energy: produces a lot of electricity but it is very controversial.

Hydroelectric power plants: are located on Spain´s main rivers.

Wind and solar energy: are produced by large Spanish energy companies.

Housing construction and speculation:

International tourist mainly come from the United Kindow,Germany,Italy etc...

the most island, the Balearic island,Andalusia and the community of Valencia.The peak season is in summer.

From the 1990s up until 2007, the main area of growth in the construction sector came from an increases in the demand for private residences.

The situation resulted in increased property speculation.

Tourism in Spain experienced a boon in the 1960s, when foreign visitors began travelling to Spain in large numbers, attracted by the good weather and extensive beaches.

Hotel Infrastructure:

Domestic Tourism and the mobile population:

The pales with the most hotel rooms and apartments for tourist are the Balearic and Catalonia, followed by the Canary Island and the Community of Valencia.

In the past, people spent their free time in the place where they lived. today, there are a wide variety of leisure activities that can be done away from home.

These activities generate the need for other services related to transport and accommodation.