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SOUTH-NORTH WATER TRANSFER PROJECT

Negative Impacts

Ecological Costs

Social Costs

1. Flooding near the channel

-> loss of lives and property

-> eg: raising of the Danjiangkou Reservoir

water level (Koga, 2004)

-> displacement of people at the

exporting region, is anticipated

over 224,000 people;

-> estimated 4.794km2 of urban

development and 156.7 km2 of

farmland will be inundated

1. Destroy the ecoystsem

- reduced water velocity and amount in the exporting regions

-> eg: may lead to algae bloom in downstream of Xiangfan (Zhu et al., 2008)

-> constraining the formation of wetland

and growth of its inhabitants

2. Degrading environmental quality

-> forming air pollution, waste pollution,

acid rain & water pollution during and

after construction

Economic Costs

Constraints & Difficulties

Example:

1. Damage the economy of southern China

- reduction of fresh water

-> seawater intrusion e.g. in Yangtze estuary

-> affecting fishing industry

2. Huge sustaining cost of electricity

-> 23 new pumping stations required electricity to operate of 1.02 million kW (Koga, 2004)

3. Huge cost of water purification in the southern

China

-> Estimated cost of the water treatment

facilities is 30-35 billion Yuan

(Koga, 2004)

1. Availability of water in the water-exporting region

-> along the central route,

water is heavily polluted

-> eg: Danjiangkou Reservoir

-> drying up of exporting

river in drought season

Eastern route: suspended for negotiation between upstream and downstream provinces due to increasing requirements and opinios in upstream Jiangsu Province (Liu and Zheng, 2002)

Hebei: changing growing crops; shutting down of enterprises; reducing tax revenues and increasing unemployment

-> the provincial and municipal authorities urge the

central government for compensating the loss of the

localities (Freeman, n.d.)

STR/AFP/Getty Images

3. Inter-provincial competition and conflict of interest hinders the implement of central route

2. More oppositions and skepticism expressing publicly, eg:

-> Qiu Baoxing, vice minister of

the Ministry of Housing and

Urban-Rural Development

-> Cheng Jiagang, the vice mayor of

Shiyan city

-> Scientists from Huazhong University of

Science and Technology

South-North Water Transfer Project

Introduction

Agenda

1. Introduction

2. Potential Impacts

3. Substantial constraints

4. Justification of sustainability

5. Conclusion

Positive impacts

Justification

of sustainability

Social benefits

1. Easing the water scarcity by providing water

for domestic and industrial uses in the arid north

Ecologically

Economically

1. Worsening pollution in the South

and spreading to the North

eg: residue leaks

2. Irreversible degradation of ecology

eg: loss of wetland, fishery etc....

2. Improving life quality

-> reduced unemployment and enhanced economic

development

-> reducing the risk of flooding

1. Increasing construction cost

2. Increasing water

treatment cost

3. Economic loss in the south

>? economic gain in the North?

Ecological Benefits

Economic Benefits

Socially

1. Balancing economic development between

the North and the South in agriculture and

industries.

1. Quantity VS Quality ???!

-> Pollution

-> Health problem

1. Enhancing biodiversity

-> increasing water quantity and quality

-> a better habitat for water organism

-> Restoring and maintaining aquatic

ecosystems in the water-importing region

eg: Haihe River (Wei et al., 2008)

2. Enhancing the forest ecosystem

3. Wetland preservation

-> modifying micro-climate

A pipe discharging waste water into the Yangtze River

IS THE WASTE WATER TREATED?

2. Increasing job opportunities and reducing

unemployment (Koga, 2004)

source: http://chindia-alert.org/

source: google

Suggestions

Reference

1. water pricing and trading (Freeman, n.d.)

2. Rainfall harvesting (Wang, 2014)

3. Desalinization (Wang, 2014)

4. Recycling waste water (Wang, 2014)

Conclusion

Freeman, C. (n.d.). Quenching the Dragon’s Thirst-- The South-North Water Transfer Project—Old Plumbing for New China? Woodrow Wilson International Centre for Scholars , 4-10.

Water Technology. (n.d.) South-to-North Water Diversion Project, China. http://www.water-technology.net/projects/south_north, accessed on November 21, 2014.

Jaffe, A. and Schneider, K. (2011). A Dry and Anxious North Awaits China’s Giant, Unproven Water Transport Scheme. Circle of Blue.

Koga, Fumie. (2004), ‘China's South-to-North water diversion scheme The geographical distribution of environmental and socioeconomic consequences’, M.A Thesis, The University of Hawaii, Hawaii.

Zhu, Y.P., Zhang, H.P., Chen, L & Zhao J.F. (2008), “Influence of the South–North Water Diversion Project and the mitigation projects on the water quality of Han River”, Science of the Total Environment, vol.406, pp.57-68.

Wei, Y., Miao, H &Ouyang, Z. (2008), “Environmental water requirements and sustainable water resource management in the Haihe River Basin of North China”, International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology, vol.15, pp.113-121.

Far-reaching monetary, environmental and social costs

Good rationale

to improve people's livelihood

Thank you!

GEOG 3102- China: Environment and Sustainable Developement Presentation

Members: Cheung Ka Hong 3035050585

Kong Pui Wing 3035050195

Wong Lok Hei 3035053197

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