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Beadle and Tatum-One Gene on One Enzyme with Bread Mold
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Transcript
One Gene on One Enzyme
Along with his partner
set out to prove the connections between genes and enzymes. They hypothesized that if there really was a one-to-one relationship between genes and specific enzymes, it should be possible to create genetic mutants that are unable to carry out the specific enzyme reactions.
Edward Tatum
American biochemist
George Beadle
American geneticist
Why?
To prove the previous hypothesis of Archibald Garrod, that a gene is responsible for the production of a specific protein, along with his studies of errors of metabolism and mutation in molecular bases.
Conclusion
- Using their selection and supplementation technique, Beadle and Tatum isolated the Neurospora mutation. What was shown is that, genetic mutations affect the series of chemical reactions in the bread mold cells, causing an overall greater difference when comparing the DNA structure of the normal genes to the mutated genes, and changing the vitamins and amino acids of the bread mold.
H w?
- Beadle and Tatum were able to conclude that each gene is responsible for constructing a single, specific, and unique enzyme. The mutation found by their experiment, where a single gene mutation caused the mold to loose its ability to change its sugars and salts into food, was disabled, concluding that a mutation of a single gene results only in an alteration in the ability of the cell to carry out a single primary chemical reaction. This is why their hypothesis is called 'one gene on one enzyme'.
- Beadle and Tatum knew the bread mold, Neurospora, used its enzymes to convert sugars and salts into vitamins and amino acids so that the mold could grow. So, they exposed the culture to x-ray radiation causing the mold's genes to mutate and no longer have the ability to produce the proper enzyme.
- Then, Beadle and Tatum attempted to add supplements to the mold, hoping that the substances they trialed would restore the genes. After 298 failures they had reached their first solution with trial 299, vitamin B6.
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