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A Mismatch: Research-Practice Gap

evidence-based practices (EPBs) = instructional approaches shown by high-quality research to result reliably in generally improved student outcomes.

Organizations establishing EBPs

  • What Works Clearinghouse
  • Best Evidence Encyclopedia
  • The Comprehensive School Reform Quality Center,
  • The EPPI-Centre [Evidence for Policy and Practice network]
  • The Campbell Collaboration
  • Promising Practices Network
  • Other professional organizations - e.g., Council for Exceptional Children; Division 16 and the Society for the Study of School Psychology Task Force; American Speech-Language Association)

Slavin: Bob Slavin is currently Director of the Center for Research and Reform in Education at Johns Hopkins University, part-time Professor at the Institute for Effective Education at the University of York (England), and Chairman of the Success for All Foundation.

Confusion!!!!

Best practices vs effective practices vs research-based practices vs evidence-based practices

Science + Professional Expertise

A truism in science ......

Criteria for Evaluating Individual Studies

Meet prescribed criteria associated with valid findings

  • Causal research designs -
  • Campbell Collaborative
  • Best Evidence Encyclopedia
  • What Works Clearinghouse
  • Broader range of research designs-
  • EPPI-Centre
  • National Research Council

  • gender, race or ethnicity, age or grade level, disability status and type, SES, Eng. proficency
  • whole class, small group, inclusive class, resource room, self-contained
  • urban, suburban, rural

Research designs other than randomized clinical

trials

  • quasi-experimental group studies
  • single-case research

Always a level of methodolgical compromise - thus highest quality studies

What Works indicators -

  • attrition and differential attrition
  • not including a valid or reliable measure
  • 12 weeks in duration - treatment and control groups equivalent on pretest measure
  • including only outcomes overly aligned with the intervention
  • issues with internal validity

Best Evidence Encyclopedia and What Works

~ Quantity of studies, magnitude of effect, sample size, and research design.

  • Best Evidence Ency. - magnitude = weighted mean effect size across students
  • What Works Cl. -ES for each individual study

OK - identification of EBPs

Barriers to implementation:

  • Teachers' views of research
  • Teachers trust their own experience
  • Schools are resistant to change

Recommendations:

  • Local data
  • Teacher narratives
  • Institutionalization of practice
  • Research on how to implement
  • Research relevant to teachers

Conclusions

  • Continuation of research on EBPs
  • Ubiquity of the term EBP
  • EPBs should be used - using science to improve student learning outcomes

Who and where?

  • Research during the past 20 years
  • Sample - specificity of participants - general age groupings
  • Disaggregation of data for sub-populations shown to respond differently

Evidence-Based Practices in Education

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