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Stress and Faults

How they Effect Earth's Surface

Stress

Force applied to a rock that changes its shape

Normal Fault

3 Types of Stress

1. Compression

2. Tension

3. Shearing

  • crack or break in the crust caused by Tension
  • creates a Hanging wall and a Footwall
  • Hanging wall rests on the Footwall and slides down with tension.

Reverse Fault

  • Same structure as a Normal Fault but caused by different stress - Compression
  • Hanging wall slides up the footwall.

Fault Block Mountains

Mountains that form when 2 Normal faults develop near each other.

Faults

Breaks in the Crust caused by Stress

Shearing

Strike-Slip Fault

3 Main Types:

  • Normal
  • Reverse
  • Strike-Slip
  • Crust on either side of the fault slips passed each other sideways because of Shearing.
  • Can be an angular or vertical fault

Force between two rock plates sliding passed each other in opposite direction

Tension and Compression

Tension - a force that stretches rock until it becomes thinner in the middle

Compression - a force that squeezes rock together

until it folds, bends, or breaks

When the crust is compressed and bends/folds it forms:

  • Anticlines - upward folds
  • Synclines - downward folds

Once they get large enough they become Mountain Ranges.

  • Appalachians
  • Himalayas
  • Alps
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