Introducing 

Prezi AI.

Your new presentation assistant.

Refine, enhance, and tailor your content, source relevant images, and edit visuals quicker than ever before.

Loading…
Transcript

Natural Disaster Traumas

Questions to answer:

  • Statistical analysis: independent t-test and ANOVA
  • Limitations: lack of randomization, lower education may influence response to treatment, PTSD symptoms were measured shortly after termination of therapy, additional traumatic experiences

Outcome of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

  • Earthquake in Iran was primarily studied
  • Procedure: 160 approved adolescents chosen from low socioeconomic status with at least one symptom of PTSD
  • Subjects: between 11 and 20 years old; have received no psychiatric treatment
  • Measures: evaluated with the Impact of Event-Scale Revised for score of PTSD symptoms; GhQ-28 was used to evaluate mental health; 135 received CBT and 33 remained untreated with psychotherapy as comparison group

6. Does not attempt to direct the child’s actions or conversations in any manner. The child leads the way, the therapist follows.

7. Does not attempt to hurry the therapy along. It is a gradual process and must be recognized as such by the therapist.

8. Only establishes those limitations necessary to anchor the therapy to the world of reality and to make the child aware of his or her responsibility in the relationship.

  • Coping behavior can prevent and reduce psychosocial reaction and traumatic stress
  • Coping responses appear to influence the process of adapting to traumatic events
  • Effective coping may depend on age, matured personality, and education level

The Role of Coping Behavior

  • Natural Disasters in West Java, Indonesia
  • Ages ranged 20-60 and majority were unemployed
  • Victims go through a typical sequence when coming to terms with what has happened
  • Shock and grief is nearly universal, but may also experience additional effects
  • Anger and blame may cause more distress
  • Disasters can produce negative psychological impacts

Psychic Trauma and Treatment Effectiveness

for Children

Treatment

Eight principles for the child-centered play therapist:

1. Must develop a warm and friendly relationship with the child.

2. Accepts the child as she or he is.

3. Establishes a feeling of permissiveness in the relationship so that the child feels free to express her feelings completely.

4. Is alert to recognize the feelings the child is expressing and reflects these feelings back in such a manner that the child gains insight into his or her behavior.

5. Maintains a deep respect for the child’s ability to solve his or her problems and gives the child the opportunity to do so. The responsibility to make choices and to institute change is the child’s.

  • 300 children in Italian Earthquake
  • 2-3 days before help arrived as children witnessed death and rescue attempts failed
  • Children seemed more resilient if family support was prevalent, routine was reestablished, and if they could discuss their experience in a structured environment
  • Treatment reduced symptoms, but number of children at-risk was more related to the length of time the community needed to reorganize after the disaster

Questions??

  • Psychic Trauma and Treatment Effectiveness for Children
  • The Role of Coping Behavior
  • Child-Centered Play Therapy
  • Outcome of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

What is PTSD?

What is ASR?

Which group is affected more: adults or children?

Child-Centered Play Therapy

PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder): an anxiety disorder that requires experiences with intrusions, avoidant behavior, or hyperarousal

ASR (Acute Stress Response): "ASR is defined as the emotional, dissociative, and physical reaction during a traumatic event."

Ten worst natural disasters in history

  • Play therapy is defined as: “the systematic use of a theoretical model to establish an interpersonal process wherein trained play therapists use the therapeutic powers of play to help clients present or resolve psychosocial difficulties and achieve optimal growth and development”
  • Many children who have experienced a natural disaster show how they are feeling through forms of play
  • Children can spend many months participating in these play scenarios that resemble the trauma they have experienced

Natural Disasters and Traumatic Responses

  • 1931 China Floods
  • 1887 Yellow River Flood
  • 1556 Shaanxi Earthquake
  • 1976 Tangshan Earthquake
  • 1970 Bhola Cyclone
  • 1839 India Cyclone
  • 1737 Calcutta Cyclone
  • 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake
  • 1920 Haiyuan Earthquake
  • 526 Antioch Earthquake

Hurricanes

Direct deaths are caused by the force of the storm, whereas indirect deaths result from unsafe conditions after the storm.

Examples

Natural Disasters: Earthquakes, hurricanes, tornadoes, wild fires, tsunamis etc.

Examples of natural destruction, psychological effects, and treatment.

1906 San Francisco Earthquake

Limnic Eruptions

Background

  • On April 18th, 1906 two miles offshore a 7.8 magnitude earthquake began.
  • 80% of the city was destroyed.
  • Tremors were felt from Oregon to LA, and as far inland as central Nevada.
  • Ruptured gas mains were the primary source of destructive fires.
  • Thirty fires erupted over a period of three days.
  • 25,000 buildings were destroyed, covering 500 city blocks.
  • Ineffective local firemen tried to make firebreaks but only managed to start more fires.
  • The US Army was called in and helped save the day
  • Pressurized bubbles of CO2 burst up from the bottom of a deep lake.
  • Able to create their own small scale tsunamis.
  • CO2 released suffocates everything in its path.

Hurricane Katrina

Hurricane Odile

  • One of the five deadliest US hurricanes.
  • 1,833 people died.
  • Ran along the southeast states and moved up the eastern border of North America.
  • New Orleans levee failure named worst civil engineering disaster in US history.
  • In a report from 2012, 357 natural disasters were recorded.
  • In these, 9,655 people were killed.
  • And more than 124 million people were affected.

Earthquakes and hurricanes are some of the most common natural disasters.

References

  • Affected the southern half of the Mexican Peninsula.
  • Was not originally expected to reach land.
  • Little preparation or warning was given to those it affected.
  • 26,000 foreign tourists were stranded for days in Mexico.
  • Caused $1.05 billion in damages.

Natural disasters affect everyone: children, adults, and the community at large.

Benight, C. C., & Harper, M. L. (2002). Coping self-efficacy perceptions as a mediator between acute stress response and long-term distress following natural disasters. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 15(3), 177-186. doi:10.1023/A:1015295025950

Cooke, T. (2005). 1906 San Francisco Earthquake. Gareth Stevens.

Don Colburn, T. W. P. (1996, ). Hurricane trauma lasts for kids, study finds: CITY edition. Florida Times Union

Dyson, M. E. (2006). Come hell or high water: Hurricane Katrina and the color of disaster. Basic Books.

Fahrudin, A. (2012). Psychosocial Reaction and Trauma After a Natural Disaster: The Role of Coping Behavior. Asian Social Work and Policy Review, 6(3), 192-202

Galante, R., & Foa, D. (1986). An Epidemiological Study of Psychic Trauma and Treatment Effectiveness for Children after a Natural Disaster. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 25(3), 357-363.

Jordan, B., Perryman, K., & Anderson, L. (2013). A case for child-centered play therapy with natural disaster and catastrophic event survivors. International Journal of Play Therapy, 22(4), 219-230

Merrell, H. (2014). Dissociation differences between human-made trauma and natural disaster trauma (Order No. 3586270). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (1518727112). Retrieved from http://0-search.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/docview/1518727112?accountid=452

Shoichet, C. E., Brumfield, B., & Fantz, A. (2014, September 15). CNN World News. Retrieved from www.cnn.com/2014/09/15/world/americas/hurricane-odile/

Shooshtary, M., Panaghi, L., & Moghadam, J. (2007). Outcome of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Adolescents After Natural Disaster. Journal of Adolescent Health, 42, 466-472

Ursano, R. J., Zhang, L., Li, H., Johnson, L., Carlton, J., Fullerton, C. S., & Benedek, D. M. (2009). PTSD and traumatic stress. Brain Research, 1293, 2-12. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2009.03.030

Zhang, Y. X. (1996). Dynamics of CO2-driven lake eruptions. Chicago

Learn more about creating dynamic, engaging presentations with Prezi