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LINKS:

Final Destination

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_civilization

http://www.indians.org/welker/maya.htm

http://www.history.com/topics/maya

http://www.incredibleart.org/lessons/middle/maya.htm

http://facstaff.gpc.edu/~shale/humanities/literature/world_literature/classprojects/mexico/maya.html

http://www.atitlan.net/maya/mayan-civilization.htm

http://arapaho.nsuok.edu/~kracht/mayancourse/home.html

http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/arch499/nonwest/mayan/geography.htm

http://www.theoldexplorer.com/index.php/maya-technology

http://library.thinkquest.org/J0112511/religion.htm

http://www.lost-civilizations.net/mayan-society.html

Agriculture

  • There is no true reason on why the Mayan empire vanished.
  • Hit there carrying capacity
  • To much war
  • Catastrophic environmental change
  • Cut down to many trees, and didn't have crops from the method of farming.
  • They experienced a sudden decline in population around 850-950 AD.
  • Their staple crop was Maize (but they also grew corn, squash, pumpkin, & chili peppers).
  • They traded with 5 main areas in Central America and Southern Mexico:
  • Wastek
  • Yucatec
  • Tzeltalan
  • Mamean
  • Quichean
  • They participated in slash and burn

Religion

The Basics:

  • Found in parts of Southern Mexico and Central America.
  • They were well known for their calendar systems and their architectural buildings.
  • The peak of their civilization was from about 300-900 A.D.
  • Since they were isolated from the rest of the world, they relied on their agriculture.
  • Practiced human sacrifice
  • Would invade other civilizations to obtain victims
  • Worshiped all of nature
  • Believed that everything happened because of the Gods
  • They believed the world was made of heavens and underworlds
  • They believed that the world was linked together by a giant tree
  • The branches in the heavens and the roots in the underworld
  • They believed the world was a giant crocodile or a turtle
  • Communicated with the Gods by prayers, sacrifices, or visions that they had.

Economy:

Their Geography:

The Geographic features were unlimited including mountains, volcanoes, jungles, coastal plains, and swampy lands.

  • Mayans did not use "money" nor did they have a currency.
  • They traded with each other and there were two kinds of goods commercialized by the Mayans. Prestige items, which jade, gold, copper, highly decorated pottery, and ritual items.
  • There were subsistence which were used on a daily basis, food clothing, salt, tools, and basic pottery were all apart of the subsistence trading.

Government

Society

  • They had a hierarchical government ruled by kings and priests
  • Lived in an independent city-state
  • Had rural communities
  • Had large urban ceremonial centers
  • No standing armies
  • Warfare was very important

In Depth

  • Theyre first written language was written in 3114 BC
  • In school mayan children learned how to write and read hyrogliphics
  • Outside of school, Young girls were to stay at the house and perform houshold duties
  • Outside of school, Young boys are to help theyre dads on the farm

Arts & Architecture:

The Calenders:

  • In many pieces of art work the Mayans used hieroglyphics
  • The Mayans are responsible for building and creating the bridge
  • The first bridge they built was the longest bridge in the ancient world
  • Later this record was broken by Italian engineers
  • The city of Yaxchilan is were the bridge was first built
  • The Mayan Empire's first recorded written language was in 3114 B.C.

Technology:

The Long Count:

Used for historical purposes.

  • The Mayan empire played a ball game called Pitz.
  • Played with a volleyball sized rubber ball
  • They would bounce the ball into stone hoops without using their hands.

The Tzolkin:

Used for ceremonial purposes.

Had 20 periods of 13 days.

The Haab:

A civil calendar based on a year of 360 days with 18 periods of 20 days.

  • Mayan Civilization did not have the advantage of available sources on iron ore.
  • Mexican iron ore is found 1000 miles to the north in the state of Colima.
  • Archaeologists have determined that Maya used stone tools.
  • These tools included various sizes and shapes of chisels, gouges, adzes, axes, and hoes.

The Mayan Empire

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