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History of U.S. Foreign Policy
Detente and SALT
- Detente was the foreign policy during the Nixon presidency
- A relaxation of tensions mainly to improve American-Chinese relations
- Also led to the Soviets pursuing diplomacy
- Effects: American-Soviet summit in May 1972. Eased tensions
- Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (two rounds)
- Reduces amount of vehicles of delivery
Vietnam
End of Cold War
Post WWII Internationalism
Isolationism
- Bush 41
- Middle East and Africa
- Iraq
- Iraq 2.0
- Improved re
- Began unofficially under Kennedy
- Gulf of Tonken
- Ho Chi Min trail
- Nixon
- Cambodia and Laos
- Public support (Tet Offensiv
- Internationalism: the idea that trade between nations creates prosperity and helps prevent war
- FDR supported internationalism, but most Americans did not because they feared another world war.
- After WWII Truman had to decide whether to withdraw from international affairs, or try to stop the spread of communism which required constant involvement in Europe.
- Truman Doctrine (1947): The U.S. must intervene anywhere the democracy is overthrown by totalitarian forces.
- Most Americans believed that the U.S. should stay out of the affairs of other countries and become isolated because...
- Americans did not want more soldiers dying in wars overseas
- They were afraid of the costs of war
- Americans thought it would be better if they stayed out of other countries problems
- How did the U.S. encourage isolationism?
- Fordney-McCumber Tariff: A tax on foreign goods. This caused foreign governments to put taxes on American goods as retaliation.
- Reduced Immigration
1900
1930
1950
1980
2014
Containment
Reagan Rearmament
Arms Race
Used to prevent the spread of communism abroad
- was a response to a series of moves by the Soviet Union to enlarge communist influence in Eastern Europe, China, Korea, and Vietnam
- Truman was first president to use it
- funded Greek and Turkish governments to rebuild after WWII (didn't want communist influence overcome weak countries)
- Middle ground between detente and rollback
- NATO established, "quarantined" the Soviet government
- Detente ended with the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
- Massive military spending (deficit)
- El Salvador
- Nicaragua
- Afghanistan
- Grenada
- The struggle for weapons superiority between the U.S. and the Soviet Union
- Cuban Missile Crisis
- Effects: USSR would remove missiles in Cuba and U.S. would remove missiles in Turkey.
- Crisis lead to increased arms buildup and tensions
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