Joseph Stalin's Commentary on the First Five-Year Plan

Diction of Abolished

Abolish: formally put an end to (a system, practice, or institution)

Abolish could have a negative or positive connotation. It is negative if you abolish religious freedom but it is positive if you abolish unemployment as used in the context by Stalin.

"One of the principal achievements of the five-year plan in four years is that we have eradicate

unemployment and have saved the workers of the U.S.S.R. from its horrors."

"One of the principal achievements of the five-year plan in four years is that we have abolished

unemployment and have saved the workers of the U.S.S.R. from its horrors."

Abolished Cont.

"One of the principal achievements of the five-year plan in four years is that we have put an end to

unemployment and have saved the workers of the U.S.S.R. from its horrors."

"One of the principal achievements of the five-year plan in four years is that we have terminate

unemployment and have saved the workers of the U.S.S.R. from its horrors."

The first sentence implies that unemployment is no longer an issue because what Stalin has done has made it completely disappear from society. The second sentence implies that unemployment is completely gone and has been killed in a way. This creates a negative connotation because if something terminated it sounds like it has been definitely been killed and is unlikely to return. The third sentence creates more of a positive connotation because if something is put to an end it doesn't sound like it has been killed it has just been stopped appropriately without any violence involved or before it escalates to a point of no return.

Diction for Exploitation

Exploitation: the action or fact of treating someone unfairly in order to benefit from their work.

Exploitation has a negative connotation because if people are being exploited it sounds like they are being used against their will and have no chose in the matter.

"They, too, have forgotten about the differentiation

of the peasants into kulaks and poor peasants, about the exploitation of the poor peasants by the

kulaks, about the ruin which every year caused hundreds of thousands and millions of poor

peasants to become destitute."

"They, too, have forgotten about the differentiation

of the peasants into kulaks and poor peasants, about the ill-treatment of the poor peasants by the

kulaks, about the ruin which every year caused hundreds of thousands and millions of poor

peasants to become destitute."

"They, too, have forgotten about the differentiation

of the peasants into kulaks and poor peasants, about the oppression of the poor peasants by the

kulaks, about the ruin which every year caused hundreds of thousands and millions of poor

peasants to become destitute."

"They, too, have forgotten about the differentiation

of the peasants into kulaks and poor peasants, about the abuse of the poor peasants by the

kulaks, about the ruin which every year caused hundreds of thousands and millions of poor

peasants to become destitute."

Irony

Purpose

Establishes Claim

Establishes Tone

A situation or statement characterized by significant difference between what is expected

or understood and what actually happens or is meant.

One of the principal achievements of the five-year plan in four years is that we have abolished

unemployment and have saved the workers of the U.S.S.R. from its horrors.

This is effective because it makes his audience think that his plan is working. By eliciting happiness that his plan has achieved so much in just four years Stalin is using facts to show the goodhas already come from his plan.

This is ineffective because it makes Stalin have an arrogant tone. By only giving one fact and statistic about his plan Stalin is not giving the audience enough information about what his plan has accomplished and thus makes him sound arrogant.

Exploitation Cont.

The first sentence implies that the peasant are not being given rights and thus are being treated in a slave-like way. The second sentence implies that the peasant are being abused and used in a way that is not so socially acceptable. This creates a negative connotation because with the context from Stalin it is showing how the peasants are holding the nation down. The third sentence implies that the peasants are still "human" however, people treat them like they are dirt and that they are better than the peasants. This also creates a negative connotation however, it doesn't get the claim across as well as it would because "ill-treatment" is not as powerful of a word as "exploitation" is.

Joseph Stalin's Commentary on the First Five-Year Plan

Parallel Structure

Establishes Claim

Purpose

Establishes Tone

This is effective in establishing Stalin's claim because he is eliciting the emotion sorrow. By showing that everything that happens to the poor peasants is equally important Stalin is successfully letting his audience know that what happens to he peasants will effect the nation as a whole.

This creates a serious tone because by showing that what happens to the peasants effects the nation. Stalin is able to elicit sorrow/fear in his audience and thus create a serious one because he is not kidding when it comes to the state of the nation.

using the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance

"They, too, have forgotten about the differentiation

of the peasants into kulaks and poor peasants, about the exploitation of the poor peasants by the

kulaks, about the ruin which every year caused hundreds of thousands and millions of poor

peasants to become destitute."

Speaker: Joesph Stalin

Joseph Stalin's Commentary on the First Five-Year Plan

Audience: The Citizens of the Soviet Union

Subject: The First Five-Year Plan

Context: The Soviet Union during their time as a communist state

Purpose: Persuade the public of the Soviet Union to agree with the Five Year Plan

Purpose

Slippery Slope

Context

Establishes claim

Establishes Tone

The Soviet Union turned to a communism government shortly after the Russian Civil War.

arguments suggest that one thing will lead to another, oftentimes with disastrous results

The unemployed are refused food because they have no money with which to pay for it; they are

refused shelter be cause they have no money with which to pay rent.

Slippery slope helps Stalin establish a fearful tone because he jumps to conclusions and makes people think that the poor are hopeless. Since his followers aren't poor they are afraid of being poor and Stalin just elicits this fear by describing how the poor live.

This makes Stalin's claim effective because he tries to elicit fear

in his audience by making them think that if they are poor they can not do anything and will not amount to much. By jumping to conclusions and creating fear Stalin is able to make his audience think that what he is proposing will help the nation.

The context relates to the claim since Stalin wanted the Soviet Union to be a society where each person works according to their personal abilities. Stalin did not want unemployment to exist due to the fear the unemployed would destroy the chances of the employed to express their abilities.

Logical Fallacy: Number Two

Tone

Logical Fallacy: Number One

-The tone of this speech is arrogant, condescending, and calm. Throughout his speech he shows that he believes that the lower class was the cause of their turmoil and that they were restricting the economy from blossoming. He also believed that their suffering hurt the society as a whole.

-He continuously uses the word "peasant" to refer to the lower class. This obviously has a negative connotation and shows that he believes the other citizens are superior to those who are not economically stable.

-He also refers to their actions in words that have a negative connotation to further his attack against them. He says they are "ruined" when they do not have jobs to help the economy, rather than just saying "unemployed," or "bankrupt."

-Stalin seems arrogant when he claims that the 5 Year Plan, which was completed in four years, saved millions of impoverished people, and employed people alike. Through out this section, he only gives credit to himself, and is always careful to mention to mention only the positive outcomes, never the negative.

Rhetorical Triangle: Group Work

Presuppositions

Ad Hominem

Bias Sample

Hasty Generalization

Rhetorical Device: Number Three

Purpose

Diction: Second Word

Rhetorical Device: Number One

Establishes Claim

Rhetorical Device: Number Two

"The same thing must be said of the peasants."

Refused

• Stalin believes the peasants are dead weight-Stalin mentions the section how he believes the peasants will destroy the chances of the employed
• Stalin believes the unemployed are worthless-Stalin mentions how the unemployed will make industry insecure and thus uncertain about their future
• Stalin believes his plan as successful-he mentions numerous times about what his plan has done in four years instead of five and how it has only bettered the nation
• Stalin believes he is helping the peasants-Stalin mentions that he has liberated the peasants by putting them into collective farming and thus ending the existence of a lower class

Establishes Tone

Parallel Structure

Verb: to decline to accept something offered

Hyperphora

Diction: First Word

"Three or four years ago the poor peasants constituted not less than 60 percent of the total peasant population in our country."

Julia's Individual Work

Hypophora

Drawing a conclusion based on a small sample size, rather than looking at statistics that are much more in line with the typical or average situation.

It has undermined and smashed the kulaks as a class, liberating the poor

peasants and a good half of the middle peasants from kulak bondage. It has brought them into the

collective farms and placed them in a secure position. It has thus eliminated the possibility of the

differentiation of the peasantry into exploiters— kulaks—and exploited—poor peasants, and

abolished destitution in the countryside. It has raised the poor peasants and the lower strata of the

middle peasants to a position of security in the collective farms, and has there by put a stop to the

process of ruination and impoverishment of the peasantry.

Poor

This is effective because Stalin is letting his followers know that what he is doing is already working so his followers are going to believe him when he says that it'll continue working because they trust him since he is in a power position

adj. having little or no money, goods, or other means of support

The word refused in this context gives the connotation of the peasants having some say in whether or not they get food. However, they are not in charge of how little/much they are paid.

It ineffectively establishes tone because it shows his arrogance in his assumptions that his plan is working.

"They live on the miserable crumbs from the rich man's table; by ranking refuse bins, where they find decayed scraps of food; they live in the slums of big cities, and more often in hovels out side the towns, hastily put up by the unemployed out of packing cases and the bark of trees."

"The unemployed are refused food because they have no money with which to pay for it..."

Being poor has a negative connotation because it makes people feel inferior and unstable because they do not have the resources they need.

"What has the first five-year plan in four years given the poor peasants and the lower strata of the middle peasants?"

"What has the five-year plan in four years given the poor peasants and the lower strata of the middle peasants? It has undermined and smashed the kulaks as a class."

"Who were the poor peasants? They were people who usually lacked either seed, or horses, or implements, or all of these, for carrying on their husbandry."

The unemployed are denied food because they have no money with which to pay for it...

What has the first five-year plan in four years given the impoverished peasants and the lower strata of the middle peasants?

The first sentence uses the synonym impoverished which creates a connotation of unhealthy and makes the audience feel as though the peasants are just unhealthy ind of unhealthy and having little resources.

The first sentence creates a feeling of pity for the peasants because the audience feels as though the peasants are simply not allowed to eat due to their financial status.

What has the first five-year plan in four years given the poverty-stricken peasants and the lower strata of middle peasants?

What has the first five-year plan in four years given the needy peasants and the lower strata of the middle peasants?

The unemployed are forbidden food because they have no money with which to pay for it...

The second sentence uses needy as a synonym for poor and makes the peasants seem ungrateful and always wanting more instead of their desires of simply having enough resources to not worry throughout the day.

The unemployed are turned down food because they have no money with which to pay for it...

The third synonym, poverty-stricken, is the closest to the word poor. It makes the audience feel pity for the peasants and want the change that Stalin says will come with the five-year plan.

The second sentence creates the connotation that the peasants have done something wrong and therefore were not allowed to have food.

Parallel structure is evident in this quote because of the repetition of "they live..." which shows the audience the equal importance of the poor living standards of peasants. This rhetorical device is effective in supporting the claim because he provides examples of how poor people lived before his plan. The serious tone is effectively established through this use of parallel structure because of the grammatical structure and diction used. He also makes himself sound credible because he provides examples of how the poor live.

A hypophora is evident in this quote because Stalin, the speaker, asks a question and answers it directly afterward. It makes the audience come to the conclusion that the speaker is expecting them to so they grasp Stalin's point. This hypophora supports the claim because it gets his point across with the audience quickly and effectively. The arrogant tone is evident in this quote because he uses condescending diction when referring to those in poverty. Stalin is also effective through this hypophora because he makes himself seem credible through the criteria he provides when describing peasants.

The third sentence creates the connotation that the unemployed are trying to get food but no one will let them have any.

A hyperphora is used in this quote because the speaker asks a question and immediately answers it. In this quote, Stalin asked the citizens of the Soviet Union what the plan has done for people in poverty; he wanted the audience to come to the conclusion that it smashed the kulaks as a class so he used hyperphora in order to highlight that specific topic. This statement supports the claim because he provides a specific answer on how the five year plan is helping citizens across the Soviet Union. This quote continues the serious and arrogant tone of the speech due to the diction used and the immediate response given by Stalin, showing his intelligence.

Stalin uses the logical fallacy of a bias sample in order to strengthen his faulty logic. It is a bias sample because it draws a conclusion about a population based on a sample that is biased or prejudice in some manner. Stalin's speech says that peasants have forgotten about the differentiation and exploitation between them and wealthier people. It effectively supports the claim because it provides even more reasons why his five year plan is so important-so the people of the Soviet Union can get rid of those in poverty. This logical fallacy also effectively establishes tone because it uses arrogant diction such as demanding words like "must be."

Logical Fallacy 1

Ad Hominem is present in this quote because it attacks a person's character rather than their reasoning. It is a fallacy which is used to advance the writer's own authority or character. Stalin uses this fallacy in this quote because it attacks the peasant's character in the fact that they were a large percentage of those in poverty; thus, effectively supporting the claim that there a lot of peasants in the Soviet Union and the Five Year Plan is needed to get rid if them. This statement also effectively establishes the serious tone because it uses statistics to prove his credibility and the fact that the growing amount of peasants needs to be taken seriously.

Parallel Structure

Logical Fallacy 2

Establishes Claim

Matthew's Individual Work

Katie's Individual Work

Purpose

Establishes Tone

Close Reading of Stalin

"It has undermined and smashed the kulaks as a class, liberating the poor

peasants and a good half of the middle peasants from kulak bondage. It has brought them into the collective farms and placed them in a secure position. It has thus eliminated the possibility of the

differentiation of the peasantry into exploiters— kulaks—and exploited—poor peasants, and

abolished destitution in the countryside. It has raised the poor peasants and the lower strata of the

middle peasants to a position of security in the collective farms, and has there by put a stop to the

process of ruination and impoverishment of the peasantry."

using the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance.

1) "They suffer because the presence of a large number of unemployed makes their position in industry insecure."

-This is an example of biased sample. Stalin claims that poverty has a negative impact on the poor and the wealthy. Therefore, a high unemployment rate would hurt all of society, not just those that lacked a steady income. He speaks about the lower class as a whole, and assumes that what is true of a few is true for the entire population. Although some may rely on others because they are not financially stable, not all lower class citizens will hurt the employed because of their need for support.

-This would be effective if his audience agreed with his idea that the poor were hurting the economy because he would be establishing common ground. If he took the time to explain how some members of the lower class were harmful and others were not, it would weaken his point and he would lose support from his audience.

-This supports his condescending tone towards the lower class. He refers to them as peasants, which is a derogatory term in most opinions. He uses them as a target of hatred for the citizens. He uses them as a scape goat for their problems which supports his ignorant and condescending tone towards the lower class.

This is effective because he elicits the shared value of security. By doing so Stalin makes his audience thinks that what he is doing is working and he is thus a good leader for the country.

Stalin's use of parallel structure creates a serious tone through his use of repetition. It creates sense of credibility. His audience will thus believe what he says if they think he is credible.

2) "They, too, have forgotten about the differentiation of the peasants into kulaks and poor peasants, about the exploitation of the poor peasants by the kulaks, about the ruin which every year caused hundreds of thousands and millions of poor peasants to become destitute."

-This is an example of equivocation. Stalin uses the words "peasant," and "poor" in multiple ways to show his idea that there is a wide degree of poverty. He says "kulak peasants" to demonstrate the "upper class" of poverty. He uses the phrase "poor peasants" to show the most impoverished side of the lower class. The rage of the connotative definition shows how he considers it a class of itself.

- This is would be effective if his audience agreed that the impoverished caused struggles among the entire nation. They would agree that the lower class held the economy back, and it would be less offensive since his system caused many to grow economically.

-This supports his condescending tone towards them because it seems as if he does not consider them to be in a civilization with the rest of the population. He classifies them by the extent of their impoverishment which is extremely rude and degrading.

Rhetorical Device 1

Julia Brenneman, Mary Ann Hylton, Katie Clowers, Matthew Berry

-"One of the principle achievements of the five-year plan in four years is that we have abolished unemployment and have saved the workers of the U.S.S.R. from its horrors."

-This is hyperbole because Stalin says that he completely abolished unemployment. To literally abolish unemployment, it would mean that every adult in the nation would have to be employed, which is not possible.

-Although this is untrue, it is effective with his audience. They would not take this completely literally, and to hear that unemployment was completely gone would evoke a sense of nationalism and pride for their country. This would strengthen the relationship between Stalin and his audience which would help him argue his claim.

-This hyperbole adds to his already arrogant, and nationalistic tone. He acts and speaks as though he was almost a savior to his country and saved it from its downfall. This sense that their country is on an economic recovery elicits pride from his audience while giving him a confident tone that is on the verge of arrogance.

Rhetorical Device 2

Rhetorical Device Number One:

Text Used:

Rhetorical Device 3

Purpose

Semicolon: 3rd sentence

7th paragraph

Establishes Claim

Mary Ann's Individual Work

Effective

Tone

A semicolon links two independent clauses. Stalin attempts to establish common sense ideas that lead to a logical conclusion when presenting his argument about how the unemployed lived by using semicolons to separate the characteristics.

The semicolon is effective since it allows the speaker to separate his thoughts about the poor, but allows the audience to understand both clauses are equally important throughout the speech.

The semicolons throughout the passage relate to the claim, poverty is no longer a problem for workers and peasants, but is a problem for the employed, since they help link Stalin's explanations as to why poverty has diminished throughout the country.

The semicolon relates to the tone since it emphasizes Stalin's conceited attitude towards the equally important points on how the unemployed lived.

"They live on the miserable crumbs from the rich man's table; by raking bins, where they find decayed scraps of food; they live in the slums of big cities, and more often in hovels outside the towns, hastily put up by the unemployed out of packing cases and the bark of trees."

-"They lived on the miserable crumbs from the rich man's table; by raking refuse bins, where they can find decayed scraps of food; they live in the slums of big cities, and more often in hovels outside the towns, hastily put up by the unemployed out of packing cases and the bark of trees."

-This is an example of asyndeton. This uses a lack of importance to make a list seem longer and to stress the importance of each item on the list. This supports Stalin's claim that the poor were suffering and causing others misfortune as well. This list shows how the poor were suffering with multiple examples, like living "off the rich man's crumb," eating out of trash bans, and living in slums.

-This would prove to be effective with his audience because it would most likely evoke pity from the upper class. It would also reach to his lower class citizens to remind them that most have seen improvement from where they were previously. This would establish the common ground of poverty between Stalin and the audience because they would realize that he is being empathetic to their situation, even if it is not in the nicest way. It also emphasizes the changes he has made to fix these problems.

-This adds a small sense of empathy to his arrogant tone. Although he is starting to sound condescending, he shows a sense of empathy in his words, even if it is not real. This helps him connect with his audience. It shows the audience that he is trying to understand the situation and living conditions of the poor, even if he does not really pity them.

-"They suffer because the presence of a large number of unemployed makes their position in industry insecure, makes them uncertain about their future."

-This is an example of synecdoche. At first, Stalin says the poor population would cause an instability in the industry field. Then he goes on to compare this to a questionable future. This goes on beyond a normal metaphor because it is comparing the presence of a lower class to the ultimate downfall of a country.

-This is very effective in his audience because it elicits fear. He implies that if the economy is not fixed, this will be the outcome. Even if the complete fall of industry is not probable, the metaphor scares the audience which motivates them to agree with his claim.

-This does not add to his tone it just reiterates his point that the poor population was harmful to the entire society. It does not add to his arrogance, nor does it add to his sense on nationalism.

The unemployed are refused food because they have no money with which to pay for it; they are refused shelter be cause they have no money with which to pay rent. How and where do they live? They live on the miserable crumbs from the rich man's table; by raking refuse bins, where they find decayed scraps of food; they live in the slums of big cities, and more often in hovels outside the towns, hastily put up by the unemployed out of packing cases and the bark of trees. But this is not all. It is not only the unemployed who suffer as a result of unemployment. The employed workers, too, suffer as a result of it. They suffer because the presence of a large number of unemployed makes their position in industry insecure, makes them uncertain about their future. Today they are employed, but they are not sure that when they wake up tomorrow they will not find themselves discharged. One of the principal achievements of the five-year plan in four years is that we have abolished unemployment and have saved the workers of the U.S.S.R. from its horrors. The same thing must be said of the peasants. They, too, have forgotten about the differentiation of the peasants into kulaks and poor peasants, about the exploitation of the poor peasants by the kulaks, about the ruin which every year caused hundreds of thousands and millions of poor peasants to become destitute. Three or four years ago the poor peasants constituted not less than 30 per cent of the total peasant population in our country. They numbered about 20,000,000. And still earlier, in the period before the October Revolution, the poor peasants constituted not less than 60 per cent of the peasant population. Who were the poor peasants? They were people who usually lacked either seed, or horses, or implements, or all of these, for carrying on their husbandry. The poor peasants were people who lived in a state of semi-starvation and, as a rule, were in bondage to the kulaks—and in the old days, both to the kulaks and to the landlords. ... What has the five-year plan in four years given the poor peasants and the lower strata of the middle peasants? It has undermined and smashed the kulaks as a class, liberating the poor peasants and a good half of the middle peasants from kulak bondage. It has brought them into the collective farms and placed them in a secure position. It has thus eliminated the possibility of the differentiation of the peasantry into exploiters— kulaks—and exploited—poor peasants, and abolished destitution in the countryside. It has raised the poor peasants and the lower strata of the middle peasants to a position of security in the collective farms, and has there by put a stop to the process of ruination and impoverishment of the peasantry. Now it no longer happens in our country that millions of peasants leave their homes every year to seek work in distant areas. In order to attract a peasant to go to work outside his own collective farm it is now necessary to sign a contract with the collective farm and, in addition, to pay the collective farmer his railway fare. Now it no longer happens in our country that hundreds of thousands and millions of peasants are ruined and hang around the gates of factories and mills. That is what used to happen; but that was long ago. Now the peasant is in a position of security, a member of a collective farm which has at its disposal tractors, agricultural machinery, seed funds, reserve funds, etc., etc.

Diction 1

Diction 2

-PEASANTS

-Laborer: If this word were use din place of "peasant," it would show a more respectful tone. This would show that the subject was performing manual labor which at time usually indicated that they were of a lower class. This is speaking in a more economic term.

-Commoner: If this term was used in place of peasant, it would take away the derogatory connotation. It would no longer imply that they were of a low socio-economic status, it would just give the inference that they were at the same status as a majority of the population. It would be much less condescending. The word commoner sounds more economically stable than peasant so the blame would not fall directly on them.

-Agriculturist: This term would strictly refer to their line of work, not their social or economic status. It is possible for an agriculturalist who works large scale farms to be economically advanced, so using this word would not carry the negative connotation along with it. If they are economically stable, they are less likely to be looked down upon by the rest of society.

-Ruined

-Bankrupt: This is the same concept as "ruined," but it is on a less personal level. Bankruptcy is usually associated with a business or corporation, so there is no emotion elicited when it is used referring to a person.

-Impoverished: This word has more of an emotional appeal to the audience. When people hear words relating to "poverty," they usually feel some form of pity. This would cause them to blame them less for their current situation.

-Indigent: This has a connotation that the subject is needy. So rather than just saying they were economically unstable, it would also imply that they were relying on others. This lack of stability would cause others to think that they were the cause of their struggles.

Rhetorical Device Number 2:

Purpose

Establishes Claim

Effective

THE END

Tone

Hypophora: 2nd Sentence

7th Paragraph

The tone of this section of the passage is proud since Stalin is proud of his plan that demolished the poverty issue. The hypophora helps establish the tone since giving an example of a situation of the unemployed allows the audience to notice the proud tone of Stalin in his speech due to their accomplishments. Stalin believes the more unemployment, the more the employed suffer.

A hypophora is when a rhetorical question is asked and then is immediately answered in the next sentence. Stalin attempts to establish a shared value of pity towards the unemployed when addressing his audience.

The hypophora helps establish the claim, poverty is no longer a problem for workers and peasants but is a problem for the employed, since Stalin asks the question, "How do these people live?" referring to the unemployed. He immediately answers the question by saying how they live. Stalin's hypophora helps establish his claim by providing examples of how the unemployed in live showing the employed how they do not want to live.

The hypophora is effective since it allows the audience to realize how privileged their lives are compared to many others in the world. Stalin is also trying to scare his audience that the employed suffer from the unemployed as well.

"How and where do they live?"

Rhetorical Device Number 3:

Purpose

Establishes Claim

Effective

Parallel Structure- Paragraph 10

Last Sentence

Tone

Stalin's use of parallel structure is effective because of the shared value of pride since the ones who were in poverty are currently thriving due to the new plan.

The parallel establishes the claim, poverty is no longer a problem for workers and peasants but is a problem for the employed, since Stalin establishes the shared value of the improvement of peasants throughout the country.

Parallel Structure establishes Stalin's tone of arrogance since his plan worked to improve the unemployment situation throughout the country and he seems to be boasting about how his plan was so successful.

The purpose of parallel structure is to show equal importance between a list of things. Stalin attempts to establish common sense ideas that lead to a logical conclusion since he listed the new characteristics of peasants which are equally important.

"Now the peasant is in a position of security, a member of a collective farm which has at its disposal tractors, agricultural machinery, seed funds, reserve funds, etc., etc."

Logical Fallacy Number One:

Non Sequitur: Paragraph 7

Sentence 4 and 5

• The purpose of non sequitur is to make something illogical sound logical when the speaker is addressing his audience.
• The non sequitur helps establish Stalin's arrogant tone since he claims the unemployed hurt the employed since they do not work.
• The non sequitur is effective since Stalin establishes the shared value of unemployed being destructive for the entire country.

"It is not only the unemployed who suffer as a result of unemployment. The employed workers, too, suffer as a result of it."

Logical Fallacy Number 2:

Faulty Analogy: Paragraph 9

Sentence 7

• A faulty analogy compares two things that do not relate.
• The faulty analogy establishes the tone since Stalin is being arrogant when stating how the poor peasants used to live in a state of semi-starvation and were in bondage to the kulaks before his plan was implemented.
• The faulty analogy is effective since Stalin uses the shared value of pity.

Diction

"The poor peasants were people who lived in a state of semi-starvation and, as a rule, were in bondage to the kulaks-and in the old days, both to the kulaks and to the landlords. ..."

Employed: Give work to someone and pay them for it; keep occupied

Being employed has a happy connotation since humans want to have a job that earns money. The dictionary meanings establish a cheerful tone in the beginning of the sentence, since everyone is glad to be employed, but turns sad when it states people are not sure if they will wake up tomorrow with employment.

"Today they are employed, but they are not sure that when they wake up tomorrow they will not find themselves discharged."

1: Today they are hired, but they are not sure that when they wake up tomorrow they will not find themselves discharged.

2: Today they are engaged, but they are not sure that when they wake up tomorrow they will not find themselves discharged.

3: Today they are appointed, but they are not sure that when they wake up tomorrow they will not find themselves discharged.

Diction Continued on Employed

The first sentence implies a working person was just hired for a job and is not sure he will be able to continue their new job the following day. This shows the audience that Stalin is implying someone just recently hired could lose his job due to the current unemployment. The second sentence implies the working person is busy, but may not be occupied the next day if the unemployed take away the jobs that the employed currently had. The third sentence implies the working class were designated to their occupation. Stalin is telling his audience the current working class could lose their jobs due to the unemployed people and never be appointed to a higher position in a company.

Diction of live

Live: supply oneself with means of subsistence.

Live could be negative and positive. It is positive to live in the world, but negative to live in poverty due to the context Stalin used. The word has a positive connotation since living is what humans do everyday and try to have the necessities to live a healthy life.

"How and where do they live?"

1: How and where do they survive?

2: How and where do they occupy?

3: How and where do they exist?

Diction of live continued:

The first sentence implies the unemployed people live in poverty and can barely survive. Stalin is trying to let his employed audience imagine what would happen to them if they became unemployed. They would be forced to just try to survive without the guarantee of success. The second sentence implies the unemployed are just there and take up space. This results in a negative connotation since the employed do not want poor people taking up space in their country with the threat of hurting the employed. The third sentence has a negative connotation since it implies that Stalin does not know how the unemployed are able to exist in the world. The unemployed are being attacked in his argument since Stalin can not fathom how people in poverty are able to exist.