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Molar and Ectopic Pregnancy

Citations

Public Health Status

"Resources." ASRM Fact Sheet and Information Booklets: Ectopic Pregnancy. Web. 3 Nov. 2015.

"Molar Pregnancy." Molar Pregnancy. Web. 3 Nov. 2015.

Liability for Misdiagnosed Etopic or Molar Pregnancy

by Zachary Matzo

"Molarpregnancy.co.uk." Molar Pregnancy Support & Information – The Complete Resource! Web. 3 Nov. 2015.

Weerakkody, Dr Yuranga. "Hydatidiform Mole | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org." Radiopaedia Blog RSS. Web. 3 Nov. 2015.

  • When abnormal pregnancies are not identified and remedied the patient may have the right to sue for malpractice.

http://www.alllaw.com/articles/nolo/medical-malpractice/liability-misdiagnosed-ectopic-molar-pregnancy.html

Misdiagnosed molar and ectopic pregnancies can devastate a woman`s health and effect her ability to have children in the future . Misdiagnosed of these conditions can also result in the premature termination of an otherwise viable fetus. Early diagnosis and treatment of molar and etopic pegnancies is essential . The dsicovery and treatmant of molar and ectopic pregnancies should be a realatively routine matter if the OB/GYN takes the proper prenatal care.

If the OB/GYN misdiagnosed a molar or ectopic pregnancy the patient may have a viable medical malpractice claim .

Alleyassin A, Khademi A, Aghahosseini M, Safdarian L, Badenoosh B, Hamed EA. Comparison of success rates in the medical management of ectopic pregnancy with single-dose and multiple-dose administration of methotrexate: a prospective, randomized clinical trial. Fertil Steril. 2006 Jun. 85(6):1661-6. [Medline].

Is Misdiagnosis of molar and /or Ectopic prengnancy Malpractice?

All medical malpractice claims hinge on a violation of medical standard care wich results in a injury to the patient.In molar and ectopc pregnacy failure to recognize the symptoms and perform the appropiate tests as dictated by the starndar of care could be grounds for malprcatice .

Background

A & P Relivance

Updates

Nutrition Facts

In ectopic pregnancy (the term ectopic is derived from the Greek word ektopos, meaning out of place), the gestation grows and draws its blood supply from the site of abnormal implantation. As the gestation enlarges, it creates the potential for organ rupture, because only the uterine cavity is designed to expand and accommodate fetal development. Ectopic pregnancy can lead to massive hemorrhage, infertility, or death

Etopic pregancy :an update

Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Aug;16

Ectopic Pregnancy The anatomy of the female reproductive organs are located in the pelvis. The reproductive organs are the ovaries, uterus, cervix, vagina, and the fallopian tubes. The ovaries have two major functions. First, the ovaries release the hormones estrogen and progesterone. The second function is that these hormones regulate ovulation and release the egg for reproduction. When the egg is released it goes down the uterus through the fallopian tubes. Unfortunetly, when an ectopic pregnancy occurs the embryo does not go through the fallopian tube into the uterus. The embryo attaches and begins to grow outside the uterus.

Molar Pregnancy begins in the placenta. There are two types of molar pregnancy partial and a complete. In order to identify the molar pregnancy to be partial or complete is figuring out if the fetus is absent, abnormal, or present. A complete Molar pregnancy the fetus is absent. The chromosomal pattern is 46XX. The chromosomes are obtained by a single sperm. Meaning that the fertilization of a single egg has lost chromosomes. Partial Molar pregnancy is an abnormal fetus. The number of chromosomes is 69XXY. This happens because, the fertilization of a normal egg by two sperms. One sperm with 23X chromosomal pattern and the other one with 23Y. When doctors make analysis if the patient is suffering from molar preganacy the first marker will be high amounts of hormones in the blood and in the urine.

During pregnancy you must focus on the essential nutrients. A healthy preganancy diet will help your baby's growth and development. Plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean protein, and healthy fats should be in your diet. Nutrients that are highly important in the diet are folate, prenatal vitamins, calcium, and vitamin D.

Folate - B vitamin that will prevent neural tube defects, abnormalities of the brain and spinal cord. A pregnant woman must intake 800 grams. You may find this nutrient in cereal, spinach, beans, oranges, and ect.

Calcium - the pregnant woman and the baby need calcium for strong bones and teeth. Calcium also helps the circulatory muscular and nervous systems run normally. A preganat woman must intake 1,000 milligrams per day. You may find this nutrient in dairy product and many fruit juices.

Vitamin D - also helps build the baby's bones and teeth. A pregnant woman must intake 600 international units per day. you may find this nutrient in salmon and orange juice.

How common are molar pregnancies?

  • About 1 in 1,500 pregnancies in the United States is a molar pregnancy.
  • If you're under age 20 or over age 35, or if you've had a previous molar pregnancy or two or more miscarriages, your chances of having a molar pregnancy are higher.

A molar pregnancy , also known as hydatidiform mole, is a noncancerous (benign) tumor that develops in the uterus. A molar pregnancy starts when an egg is fertilized, but instead of a normal, viable pregnancy resulting, the placenta develops into an abnormal mass of cysts.

In a complete molar pregnancy, there's no embryo or normal placental tissue. In a partial molar pregnancy, there's an abnormal embryo and possibly some normal placental tissue. The embryo begins to develop but is malformed and can't survive.

Recent findings : Trasviginal ultrasound is being used for idiagnosis for etopic pregnancy , and methotrexate is taking a role in the treatment for etopic pregnancy . No serum makers have been found that can recognize intrautarine from extratarine pregnancy. As more experience has been gained with medical therapy it is apparent that it is possible to identify a group of women in whom it is unlikely to succeed. The use of adjunctive therapy such as mifepristone does not appear to increase the effectiveness of methotrexate. Screening for ectopic pregnancy in at-risk women has been suggested but it may be of only limited value. In the surgical management of ectopic pregnancy the effect on fertility of salpingotomy and salpingectomy remains uncertain although recent cohort studies suggest that salpingotomy may be associated with a better subsequent intrauterine pregnancy rate than salpingectomy. A number of case reports of pregnancies at unusual sites continue to be published, but in the last 2 years there has been a dramatic increase in the number of caesarean scar pregnancies reported

Ectopic Pregancy

  • occurs at a rate of 19.7 cases in 1,000 pregnancies in North America
  • Women who are 35 years of age or older when they become pregnant are also at an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy

Etiology

ECTOPIC PREGNANCY

An ectopic pregnancy requires the occurrence of 2 events: fertilization of the ovum and abnormal implantation. Many risk factors affect both events; for example, a history of major tubal infection decreases fertility and increases abnormal implantation.

Risks factors include: Tubal dmage, History of previous Ectopic preganacy, smoking, History of two or more years of infertility, altered tube motility.

MOLAR PREGNANCY

In a normal pregnancy, the placenta provides nourishment to the developing baby and removes waste products. The placenta is made up of millions of cells known as trophoblastic cells.

In a molar pregnancy, these cells behave abnormally as soon as the egg has been fertilised by the sperm. This results in a mass of abnormal cells that can grow as fluid-filled sacs (cysts) with the appearance of white grapes. These cells grow rapidly within the womb, instead of developing into a baby. The abnormal cells are referred to as a "mole".

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