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Giant Pacific Octopus Burrows
Itself!
Predator
Size: Largest Species of of Octopuses in the world. Average- 487.7cm and 50kg.
Anatomy: sharp, beak-like mouths to puncture and tear the flesh of their prey.
Life Cycle/Reproduction: Lives up to 4 years, both males and females die soon after breeding. Females live long enough to lay eggs and don't eat during the period when the eggs are developing, slowly starving to death.
Predation Defense: Camouflage- uses special pigment cells in their skin (Called Chromatophores, which are a group of pigment-containing and light- reflecting cells) to change colors and textures. They can blend into almost any background!
Diet: shrimp, clams, and lobsters (only octopuses on higher biomes). Some have been known to attack sharks (only on higher biomes) and birds on the surface of the water.
Special Fact: Like most octopuses, the Giant Pacific Octopus is highly intelligent - they can learn to open jars, mimic other octopuses and solve mazes during lab tests!
Climate change effect: Sensitive to environmental conditions and often suffers from high pollution levels
Consumer
Consumer
Temperature: Lives in temp. of 1-4C (Can't live below 1C)
Anatomy/Predation Defense: 15-20cm of sharp spikes protrude from the crab's body, offering protection from predators. They're also used for camouflage. They also have fast moving mouth arts, which help the crab grab food, tear it apart, and eat it quickly.
Prey: Other crabs, starfish(only for crabs on higher biomes), snailfish, and if they can't find live food, they eat left over scraps or dead animals that fall from the surface.
Special Fact: One claw is bigger than the other. One is used for crushing it's prey and one is used for grabbing.
Scavenger
Larger Claw- Used for Crushing
Fact: The only predator of the Spiny King Crab are
Octopuses and Humans
Smaller Claw-Used for grabbing
Selective Feeder
Lateral Line System In Most Fish
Location: Hydrothermal vents from 7,500m-8,143m
Anatomy/Predation Defense: Slender bodies, sensory pores on its head to detect movement, vibration, and pressure changes-part of the lateral line which is a system of sense organs that help to sense those changes.
Reproduction: Mouth Brooding- Male carries eggs
in his mouth. Lays eggs in Spiny King Crabs'
gill cavities.
Consumer
Length: 1mm-3m
Location: Hydrothermal vents from 3,000m-6,000m
Anatomy: Firmly attached to sea floor, has developed root-like structures to ensure strong connection to the ground.
Predation Defense: Colorless body hidden inside hard tube-like shell made of Chitin. Offers Protection.
In a Symbiotic relationship with Chemosynthetic bacteria. Worm collects Oxygen, Hydrogen Sulfide, and Carbon Dioxide and Bacteria converts it into Carbohydrates
Adaptations: temp.- can withstand rapid changes in water temp. (from boiling to freezing)
Special Facts: Very high Fertilization by releasing eggs and sperm cells into the water.
Larvae are mobile and have a mouth and gut so they can collect Bacteria.
Consumer
Selective Feeder
Producer
Chemosynthetic Bacteria attached to the sides of hydrothermal vents and absorb the nutrients (like Hydrogen or methane) and turn it into organic compounds, Which attracts other species to the vents.
They form Symbiotic relationships with other species, provides food for the hosts, allowing them to live in such depths.
Chemosynthesis
Key Species for Hydrothermal Vents!
Geographic Location: Western Pacific, east of the Philippines. 200 kilometers east of the Mariana Islands.
Marine Biome: Abyssapelagic Zone (4,000m - 6,000m) - Hadalpelagic Zone (11,000m -seafloor)
Water Pressure: 1219.4 Atmosphere (atm), 1,000x the stranded atmosphere pressure at sea level.
Habitat
Hydrothermal vent: A fissure in the planet's under water crust from which heated water and nutrients rise from the cracks.
Most Commonly found in places where tectonic plates diverge or move apart as well as ocean basins and hotspots.
Effects of Climate Change and global warming can be seen as far down as 700-2,000 meters below sea level.
Many species that live down there reproduce slowly, live longer, and have evolved under relativity stable conditions. Though there is very little that can be observed directly down there, the average water temp. has risen 0.015C per decade since 1970s and we may see a drastic effect in the near future.
General Info:
"Marianas Trench Marine National Monument." DEEPSEA CHALLENGE. N.p., 06 June 2013. Web. 18 July 2017.
"About Hades." HADES. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 July 2017.
Pidcock, Roz. "Deep Ocean: Climate Change's Fingerprint on This Forgotten Realm." Carbon Brief. N.p., 25 Feb. 2016. Web. 18 July 2017.
"News and Research Communications." Oregon State University. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 July 2017.
Marine biomes diagram: Jackson, Matt. "What Are Some Unique Characteristics of the Three Zones of the Ocean?" Quora.com. N.p., 15 Feb. 2017. Web. 19 July 2017.
Chemosythetic Bacteria:
Gutierrez, Jose Juan. "What Are Chemosynthetic Bacteria?" Owlcation. Owlcation, 07 Oct. 2016. Web. 18 July 2017.
US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. "What Is the Difference between Photosynthesis and Chemosynthesis?" NOAA Ocean Explorer Podcast RSS. N.p., 14 Feb. 2013. Web. 18 July 2017
Chemosynthesis and Hydrothermal Vent Life. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 July 2017.
Botos, Sonia L. Hydrothermal Vent Communities. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 July 2017.
Giant Tube Worm:
"Giant Tube Worm Videos, News and Facts." BBC Nature. BBC, n.d. Web. 18 July 2017
"Giant Tube Worm Photos and Facts." Arkive. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 July 2017.
"Giant Tube Worm - Deep Sea Ocean." Google Sites. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 July 2017.
"Giant Tube Worms Facts." Math. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 July 2017.
Giant Tube Worm diagram: "Tube Worms and Vents: A Toxic Relationship." Extreme Marine. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 July 2017.
Snailfish:
Lateral Line: "Lateral Line." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 12 July 2017. Web. 18 July 2017.
"Deepest Fish: Snailfish." Extreme Science. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 July 2017.
"Snailfish." Real Monstrosities. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 July 2017.
"New Deep-Sea Pictures: Snailfish, Eels Found in Trench." National Geographic. National Geographic Society, 12 July 2017. Web. 18 July 2017.
Lateral Line Diagram: "PART THREE." FISH CULTURE IN CENTRAL EAST AFRICA. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 July 2017.
Spiny King Crab:
"Spiny King Crab." Spiny King Crab, Deep Sea, Invertebrates, Paralithodes Rathbuni at the Monterey Bay Aquarium. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 July 2017.
"Spiny King Crab - Neolithodes Grimaldii (A. Milne-Edwards and Bouvier, 1894) - Details." Encyclopedia of Life. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 July 2017.
ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, n.d. Web. 18 July 2017.
Spiny King Crab Diagram: "King Crab - Alaskan Cold-Water Giants." Animal Pictures and Facts | FactZoo.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 July 2017.
Giant Pacific Octopus:
Photograph by Fred Bavendam, Minden Pictures/National Geographic Creative. "Giant Pacific Octopus." National Geographic. N.p., 11 July 2017. Web. 18 July 2017.
"North Pacific Giant Octopus Videos, Photos and Facts." Arkive. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 July 2017.
Hartis, Colleen. "Enteroctopus Dofleini." Animal Diversity Web. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 July 2017.
"Giant Pacific Octopus." National Aquarium. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 July 2017.
"Giant Pacific Octopus." Giant Pacific Octopus, Reefs & Pilings, Octopuses & Kin, Enteroctopus Dofleini at the Monterey Bay Aquarium. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 July 2017.
"Giant Pacific Octopus." Oceana. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 July 2017.
Giant Pacific Octopus Graphic: "Giant Pacific Octopus." National Aquarium. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 July 2017.
Giant Pacific Octopus Video: Octopus Kills Shark | National Geographic. Dir. National Geographic. Youtube.com. N.p., 14 Dec. 2009. Web. 18 July 2017.
Giant Pacific Octopus Video: Burrowing Giant Pacific Octopus | Nautilus Live. Dir. EVNautilus. Youtube.com. N.p., 14 Dec. 2009. Web. 18 July 2017.