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Judiciary Acts
Origin: This document is a transcript of the speech given by John Marshall to the court in 1803, ultimately deciding the case of Marbury vs. Madison. John Marshall is an important person in this case because he is the Chief Justice, which gives him a powerful influence on the decision of the case.
Purpose: The purpose of this document is to give justification to the final decision made by the supreme court. Its intended audience was the people present at the time of the hearing, but can be of interest to any citizen or government official.
Value: The value of this document is that it serves as a precedent for the exercise of judicial review by the Supreme Court. Judicial review is the power given to the Supreme Court in which it can determine the constitutionality of laws passed by the executive and legislative branches. In the document, John Marshall's stance on the issue was that it was unconstitutional for him to force congress to appoint Marbury to "Justice of the Peace". Therefore, Marbury did not have to be appointed to his deserved position. The decision made by the Supreme Court expresses how our country was still in a constructive state, and that the branches of government were still figuring out their powers in relation to each other. However, the document made it clear that the the Supreme Court's interpretation of the Constitution could not be overruled.
Limitations: One limitation of this document is that it does not give the perspectives of Marbury or Madison. While Marshall does mention what Marbury is entitled to, he does not discuss the personal sentiments of the two men. Therefore, we cannot fully understand the arguments of the opposing sides, this would require a separate document. This document is more focused on the roles of the Supreme Court and Congress and how they have an influence on the final decision.
-Congress filled in the missing details of the judicial branch that was not fully explained in the Constitution
Judiciary Act of 1789
Judiciary Act of 1801
Marbury V Madison
Marbury v Madison
Long Term Impacts
Foreign Policy
Long Term Impacts
Cont.
The case of Marbury v Madison did fit the beliefs of Jefferson because it supported a weak centralized government by insisting the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional. Chief Justice John Marshall's ruling not only declared the Judiciary Act unconstitutional, it strengthened the Supreme Court with the power of judicial review. Judicial review allows the Supreme Court the power to declare Congress's laws unconstitutional. Marshall states that, "The powers of the legislature are defined and limited; and that those limits may not be mistaken, or forgotten, the constitution is written." He is stating that it is unconstitutional to disobey what is already written in the foundation of our nation. He then goes on to say, "To what purpose are powers limited, and to what purpose is that limitation committed to writing, if these limits may, at any time, be passed by those intended to be restrained?" This is a further statement of the potential corruptness of the government if they disobey the restraints that were set by them, for them.