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- Venice gains the most influence because:
* It had a stable form of government.
* It was more successful in sea trade than any other city-state.
* It became the centre of the European book trade. It was the first Italian city-state to use the mechanical printing press, invented in the mid- 1400s, for commercial purposes.
* It also had famous university that promoted study of science, medicine and law.
- Florence society based on a class system and also, as the merchant class became wealthier, they were able to move up the social ladder + gain status in the community.
- People in merchant class were called the popolo grasso (fat people). They usually organized by guilds, like wool finishers, craftsmen and bankers.
- Workers and shopkeepers were called popolo minuto ( the little tiny people). Most of them were peasants and had to move into the city to work in the fabric industries.
social
- Genoa had a republican government beginning in the 11th century. It was at that time an independent commune, or a republican city formed.
- The military was powerful because it gained control of Constantinople, the largest city in Europe and the trade in the Black Sea.
- This city state also controlled the city of Constantinople.
- There were 3 social classes in Venice:
* The upper class was the aristocracy, the original noble families who had control Venice and who could vote for the government.
* The middle class were the original citizens, who could hold public office but not vote.
* The third social class were the common people, who had some rights as citizens but could only apply for a limited number of government positions.
- The military was simple yet effective. Whenever there was war, they will always have a way to get out. Plus, people also feared them so Florence seem to be "just fine".
- This city- state was very powerful and was said to be a great threat to the peace and freedom of Italy.
- This city state controlled territory on the Italian mainland
- This city state was a republic. The Senate and Great Council made government decisions.
- The head of government was called the Doge.
- n 1297, the Doge was elected by these wealthy families but they only made 2% of the population, which made up the oligrachy that ruled Venice.
-Florence: it was built on the Arno River. This city also was a trade route for centuries. Many families were successful bankers, like the Medici family (banking industry)
-Genoa: it was a closest port to cities of Northern and the Mediterranean Sea where spices were made. Also, it was easier to transport by the sea. ( the manufacture of iron and steel good)
-Venice: since the early Middle Ages, it developed as a trading centre in the Islamic world. It created an exotic goods market that from Byzantine Empire. It was located right between the Eastern Mediterranean and western Europe so it was really easy to control and to import, export of goods.
(trading industry from the Byzantine and German emperors.
Cultural
political
- The notable artists were Rubens, Van Dyck, and Bernardo Strozzi.
- The notable philosophers and intellectuals are Andrea Doria and Ottaviano Grimaldi.
- In 1528, when Andrea Doria- a navy commander and a statesman, became dictator. Under his rule, Genoa experienced the Renaissance in art and architecture that had already occurred in other areas of Italy.
- When the Medici family were the leaders of Florence, this city- state became a major centre of Renaissance culture.
- They supported artists, architects, scholars in developing a city rich in works of art, architectual marvels, and scholarly thought.
Examples: Alessandro Botticelli (painter), Leonardo da Vinci (Renaissance man), Amerigo Vespucci (explorer and cartographer), Giuliano de Medici (statesman and patron), Niccolo Machiavelli (political philosopher)
-The Medici family controlled all Florence because of their wealthiest. They were the strongest family during the Renaissance. People respected the Medici and they helped each other if there was trouble. Or else they would be imprisoned if they don't. Besides, feudalism didn't have a strong hold during those times. And the nobles tended to move into towns, where they took place in the upper class in urban society.
- This city state was an independent state from 1005 to 1797 in Liguria.
- It was governed by viral clans and families and turned into a republic state during Middle Ages.
- Allegiances with the Indian Army, Anhuansken that fought with them against the Venice from 1256-1270. They also had an allegiance with Rome for 4 years.
- Genoa gained control of the trade in the Black Sea. Traders quickly developed markets and exported goods.
- Major artists: Titian, Tintoretto, Veronese, Bassano and Jacopo Palma.
- Notable philosophers and intellectuals: Marco Polo and Aldus Manutius.
- Art, culture and intellectual were important in Venice because the merchant class supported the arts and it helped increased the trading ( most merchants became very wealthy through this).