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EDUCATION SYSTEMS IN GHANA
1
EDUCATION SYSTEMS IN GHANA
BY: Mariama Coulibaly
The Reforms of 1980's
The Reforms of the 1980s
With the assistance of several development partners (World Bank, Department for
International Development (ODA) and international grants) the education system
was reviewed and proposals were implemented in 1987.
A brief summary of the objectives of the implemented actions:
- Increase access to basic education
- Shorten the pre-university education structure from 17 years to 12 years.
- Make education cost-effective
- Improve quality of education by making it more effective to socio-economic
conditions
The Junior Secondary School structure was put in place on a nation wide basis. Now
6 years of primary education and 3 years of junior secondary school were a
standard 9 years of free and compulsory basic education. The reforms saw further
changes from hours spend at school to educational resources such as infrastructure
of class blocks and libraries, school supplies and technical skills equipment
Basic Facts About Ghana
Colonial Era
Post-Independent Era
The Future of Ghana Education
-The 1961 Act, (Act 87) initiated by Dr. Kwame Nkrumah was aimed at achieving Free Universal Primary Education. The Act made Education compulsory and free.
Section 2 (1): Every child who has attained the school-going age (six-years) as determined by the Minister shall attend a course of instruction as laid down by the Minister in a school recognised for the purpose by the Ministeri
Section 20 (2): No fee, other than the payment for the provision of essential books or stationary or materials required by pupils for use in practical work, shall be charged in respect of tuition at a public primary, middle or special school.
-The Ghanaian Education System at this point (end of the 1960s) consisted of six- years of primary education, followed by four-years of secondary education. At the end of the four years suitable students went on to do a two-year sixth form course that could lead to a three-year University course. Students who were not suitable to continue, completed two-years of pre-vocational classes.
-In 1874 the British Government had full colonial authority of the Gold Coast colony.
Already great progress had been made in the education sector. Various Mission
Schools were now scattered over the interior of Ghana.
-By 1881 there were 139 schools. However the education systems used varied
widely. This prompted the government to draw up its first plans in the 1882 to guide
the development of education. An Inspector of Schools was instated from 1887
until 1890. Then the office of the Director of Education was created.
In 1918 the first real targets for the development of education were set by Sir. Hugh
Clifford:
- Primary education for every African boy and girl
- A Training College for teachers in every province
- Better salaries for teachers
- A Royal College
-In Conclusion, Ghana aims to reach “the middle- income country status” by the year 2020. For this purpose they have developed a road map known as Vision 2020. The basic objectives of the Vision 2020 Document are to “reduce poverty, increase employment opportunities and average incomes, and to reduce inequities in order to improve the general welfare and the material wellbeing of all Ghanaians”.
-The Vision 2020 document contains an education policy with the objectives to “ensure all citizens regardless of gender or social status, are functionally literate and productive at the minimum”. It further states that in order to achieve Vision 2020, the education system must embrace science and technology as it is the technology era and countries that fail to recognize this will not be able to escape the clutches of poverty.
Location:
Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Cote d'Ivoire and Togo.
Population:
Just over 21 million people live in Ghana. Life expectancy is around 56 years.
Languages:
English (official), African languages (including Akan, Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe, and Ga).
Ethnic Groups:
Black African 98.5% (major tribes - Akan 44%, Moshi-Dagomba 16%, Ewe 13%, Ga 8%, Gurma 3%, Yoruba 1%), European and other 1.5%.
Religion:
Christian 63%, Muslim 16% and indigenous beliefs 21%.
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History of Education System
SOURCES
When we look back at Ghana’s history, we see it was the Danish, Dutch, and English merchants who set up schools in their Forts (Christianborg Castle Accra-Danish, Elmina Castle-Portuguese then Dutch and Cape Coast Castle-British) to educate their mulatto children by native women.