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Effects of the Scramble for Africa
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Effects of the Scramble for Africa
Nationalism to Independence
(South Africa)
South Africa was a colony of Britain until 1872, after the Anglo-Boer wars. When the National Congress of Africa finally came into power, the first elections with whites and coloreds was held.
Source: http://africanhistory.about.com/library/bl/bl-Independence-SA2.htm
Do you see all ethnic group boundaries?
Nelson Mandela
Nationalism to Independence (Kenya)
Nelson Mandela
The campaign for Kenya's independence started in the 1940s during the Mau Mau rebellion. During the rebellion, Africa declared a state of emergency for 8 years. During this time, Jomo Kenyatta was accused of being the leader of the Mau Mau rebellion. In the end of the rebellion, Kenyatta was freed from prison and elected for president.
Source: www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/kenya-granted-independence
Nelson Mandela was the first black president of South Africa. In 1944, Mandela joined the the African National Congress (ANC). In 1961 Mandela founded MK. Under Mandela's leadership, MK launched a rebellion against the government.
Source: http://www.history.com/topics/nelson-mandela
Conflict and Civil Wars
In Africa, borders were already "drawn" by native ethnic groups. When the Europeans colonized Africa, they separated and joined different ethnic groups. This led to civil wars and rebellions. One example is South Sudan. In South Sudan, the military leader, Omar al-Bashir took over the government and became the dictator.
Nigerian National Assembly Hall
Africa Before Colonization
Source: http://www.history.com/topics/apartheid
When the National Party came into power, they made laws that separated whites from non-whites. Non-whites lived in different parts of town than whites, called ghettos. In 1950, apartheid laws were made to keep interracial relationships from happening. Rebellions against apartheid occurred in many forms, such as peaceful protests, and armed rebellions. Soon, the National Party was pressured into getting rid of some of the apartheid laws, until they were all gone.
When Nigeria was colonized, roads and railroads were built. Cash crops such as cacao, cotton, and peanuts were grown. Few Africans could be in the legislature, but no other part of the government. In 1947, Britain gave the African legislature the power to make Nigeria a free country.