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The Role Of The Therapist:

* The therapist should become familiar with at least one directive and one non-directive form of play therapy.

* Directive play therapy for behavior type of therapeutic experience

* Non- directive for a child centered therapy

The Development of Family Play Therapy

* Freud’s Psychoanalytical Theory = many of the founders were trained in psychoanalysis to work with children.

* Working only with children was not enough so they began counseling whole families.

* Included in the development of play therapy was

> Erik Erikson, Theory of Psychosocial stages;

> Jean Piaget, Theory of Cognitive Development

> Harry Stack Sullivan, Theory of interpersonal relationships role in personality development.

* Particularly in the past few decades family therapy and play therapy have merged.

The roles a therapist will take in family play therapy:

* Facilitator

* Role Model

* Participant

* Educator

Books, Articles, & Websites

O’Conor, K., Scheafer, C., & Braveman, L., (2016). Handbook of play therapy. New Jersey: Wiley and Sons.

Landreth, G. L., (2012). Play therapy:the art of the relationship (3rd ed). New York: Taylor and Francis Group.

Benefits

  • Including children in family therapy leads to positive family interactions and enhanced communication skills
  • Builds positive emotional experiences within the family
  • Improves adult-child communication
  • Strengthens parent-child attachment relationship
  • Helps families solve problems in a non-threatening method
  • All members of the family benefit from therapeutic interventions

Gil, E. (2015). Play in family therapy (2nd ed). New York, London: The Guilford Press

Wehrman, J. D., & Field, J. E. (2013). Play-Based Activities in Family Counseling. American Journal Of Family Therapy, 41(4), 341- 352 12p. doi:10.1080/01926187.2012.704838

Willis, A. B., Walters, L. H., & Crane, D. R. (2014). Assessing play-based activities, child talk, and single session outcome in family therapy with young children. Journal Of Marital & Family Therapy, 40(3), 287-301 15p. doi:10.1111/jmft.12048

1. Assessing Play-Based Activities, Child Talk, and Single Session Outcome in Family Therapy with Young Children by D. Russell Crane, Amber B. Willis and Lynda H. Walters

2. If Your Mother Were an Animal, What Animal Would She Be? Creating Play-Stories in Family Therapy: The Animal Attribution Story-Telling Technique (AASTT) by Diana Arad

3. Emotionally Focused Family Therapy and Play Therapy Techniques by Andrea K. Wittenborn, Anthony J. Faber, Ashley M. Harvey, and Volker K. Thomas

4. Play-Based Activities in Family Counseling by Joseph D. Wehrman and Julaine E. Field

5. Creative Family Therapy Techniques: Play and Art-Based Activities to Assess and Treat Families by Liana Lowenstein and Trudy Post Sprunk http://www.lianalowenstein.com/articleFamilyTherapy.pdf

6. Colored Candy Go Around - YouTube demonstration by Liana Lowenstein: 7. Pinterest ideas: https://www.pinterest.com/pamdyson/family-play-therapy/

8. Play in Family Therapy, 2nd ed. by Eliana Gil and Matthew D. Selekman

9. Mindfulness-Based Play-Family Therapy: Theory and Practice by Dottie Higgins-Klein

10. Family Play Therapy by Charles Schaefer and Lois Carey

Populations and Age Range

Families of many kinds have been helped by Family Play Therapy, including single parent families, blended families, foster families and adoptive families.

This therapy can also be used as a treatment for parent/child relationship problems.

Introduction to Filial Therapy. (n.d.). Retrieved February 21, 2016, from http://www.filialtherapy.co.uk/

Children between the ages of 3 and 12 can best express their emotions, their motivations, their wishes and dreams through the language of play, especially when difficult issues are involved. Usually children under the age of 3 do not yet play imaginatively. Children over 12 are better able to express themselves verbally, although this therapy is often used with young teenagers if appropriate kinds of activities are used.

Growth Through Play Therapy Training Associates About Filial Therapy. (n.d.). Retrieved February 21, 2016, from http://www.growththroughplaytherapy.com/filial.html

Sample Dialogue:

  • Common mistake in family therapy is to not involve children in the process, and work only with parents or adults.
  • Developmental differences between adults, adolescents, and children need to be taken into account. (Requires a different skill compared to working just solely with adults or children)
  • Cognitive development, language skills, understanding and reasoning, and verbal processing, adult’s worldview

Therapist: Hello Mr. and Mrs. Zork, Bobby, and Sally.

Thank you for coming. Today we are going to create a genogram.

Mrs. Zork: Isn’t that like a family tree?

Therapist: It’s a fun technique used to trace family patterns and history. See, here are some samples. We can draw one together here on this easel with these markers.

Bobby: Wow, can I choose some of the colors? Oh, and can I include my dog?

Wehrman, J. D., & Field, J. E. (2013). Play-Based Activities in Family Counseling. American Journal Of Family Therapy, 41(4), 341- 352 12p. doi:10.1080/01926187.2012.704838

Willis, A. B., Walters, L. H., & Crane, D. R. (2014). Assessing play-based activities, child talk, and single session outcome in family therapy with young children. Journal Of Marital & Family Therapy, 40(3), 287-301 15p. doi:10.1111/jmft.12048

Family Play Toys

Interventions

Therapist: Absolutely. As the family creates the genogram…

Mr. Zork: I guess my parents need to go on this side. I remember when they used to take me and my brothers camping every summer. We had so much fun.

Sally: Daddy, I wish you would take us camping.

Bobby: Yeah, I want to learn how to build a tent!

Mrs. Zork: Maybe we should plan a trip to Yosemite?

Therapist: That would be a great way to spend quality time together.

Dr. Amy Wikstrom Family Shield

Family and Nurturance Toys: figurines, puppets, or dolls

figurine doll family (one for each member of family, at minimum)

house for doll family - can be a box, or even just a paper map of your house puppet family (people or animals)

baby doll

nurturing doll accessories: bottle, clothes,

kitchen dishes with play food

Aggression- related toys

Nerf gun with bullets

Foam hammer, foam bat

Military figurines (“army men”)

Aggressive animal figures, such as dragon, lion, wolf

Expressive Toys

art supplies: crayons, markers, chalk, white board, paper

Play-doh

Dress up: scarves, bandannas, magic wands, masks, hats, phones, mirror

Multi-use Toys

Medical kit: band aids, stethescope, ace bandage wrap, etc Deck of Cards

Play money

Bean bags

Reference:

Wickstrom, A. (2011, April 3). Family shield: A play therapy craft to make your family stronger! [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=co4IfUkXh

Reference:

Wehrman, J. D. & Field, J. E. (2013). Play-based activities in family counseling. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 41, 341-352. doi:10.1080/01926187.2012.704838

http://www.lisaklipfelmft.com/images/Filial_Family_Play_Therapy_Parent_Guide_PDF.pdf

References

Puppets/Dolls

  • Used to illustrate subjective “reality” or fantasy. (fantasy=how a family member would like a particular time of day/event to play out, how to communicate towards each other, and how to solve problems)
  • Can be used with most family members of different ages from about the ages of 4 to adults.
  • Example: All family members are asked to use their puppets/dolls to act out what they do during dinner time. Family members may also want to switch roles and act out how they perceive a different family member. Then, discuss thoughts or feelings of the outcomes of how they were portrayed.

Interventions cont.. cont..

Family Play Therapy

Interventions Cont...

Sand Trays

  • Used to help family members tell stories, gain understanding of a crisis or trauma, communicate through role play, or to experiment with family scenarios.
  • Each family member can take a turn using the sand box
  • All members can engage at the same time with a family scenario
  • Members can group together
  • Example: Children are asked to use the sand tray and use of other toys to show what happens when daddy comes home from work.

Taylor Burke

Rosie espinosa

Amber Bravo

Sandy morris

Gil, E. (2015). Play in family therapy (2nd ed). New York, London: The Guilford Press

Landreth, G. L., (2012). Play therapy: the art of the relationship (3rd ed). New York: Taylor and Francis Group.

Lowenstein, L., & Post Spunk, T. (2010). Creative family therapy techniques: play and art-based activities to assess and treat families. Retrieved from: http://www.lianalowenstein.com/articleFamilyTherapy.pdf

O’Conor, K., Scheafer, C., & Braveman, L., (2016). Handbook of play therapy. New Jersey: Wiley and Sons.

Wehrman, J. D., & Field, J. E. (2013). Play-based activities in family counseling. American Journal Of Family Therapy, 41(4), 341-/01926187.2012.704838

Wickstrom, A. (2011, April 3). Family shield: A play therapy craft to make your family stronger! [Video file]. Retrieved from

Willis, A. B., Walters, L. H., & Crane, D. R. (2014). Assessing play-based activities, child talk, and single session outcome in family therapy with young children. Journal Of Marital & Family Therapy, 40(3), 287-301 15p. doi:10.1111/jmft.12048

  • Expressive Arts (Markers, Paint, Chalk, Crayons)
  • Used to create pictures that may help to illustrate the perspective from each individual family member
  • Example: Each member of the family is given a sheet of paper and asked to draw a family problem. Each family member can then explain each illustration and discuss them with the family.
  • Other suggested prompts: draw a happy, sad, or angry family memory or draw a picture of the family solving a problem.

Wehrman, J. D., & Field, J. E. (2013). Play-Based Activities in Family Counseling. American Journal Of Family Therapy, 41(4), 341- 352 12p. doi:10.1080/01926187.2012.704838

  • An integration of family therapy and play therapy
  • Focus is to involve children in family therapy through the use of play interventions
  • The use of play unlocks a deeper level of interaction and allows for children to equally participate in family therapy

Wehrman, J. D., & Field, J. E. (2013). Play-Based Activities in Family Counseling. American Journal Of Family Therapy, 41(4), 341- 352 12p. doi:10.1080/01926187.2012.704838

Willis, A. B., Walters, L. H., & Crane, D. R. (2014). Assessing play-based activities, child talk, and single session outcome in family therapy with young children. Journal Of Marital & Family Therapy, 40(3), 287-301 15p. doi:10.1111/jmft.12048

Family Play Therapy

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