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Transcrição

Digestive System Tavelogue

Pizza

Mouth

  • digestion begins and food is moistened
  • teeth break down food so chemical digestion can occur faster
  • Salivary amylase
  • tongue is muscular and

moves food - pushes food to

back where food is swallowed

  • proteins and fats are mechanically digested in mouth
  • carbohydratres are chemically digested in the mouth by saliva

Teeth

  • tear, scrape and chew food

Pharynx

divided into 2 parts

walls of muscle

  • passageway for food
  • Respiratory and Digestive system meets here
  • Swallowing is accomplished by reflexes that close the opening of the trachea

Propulsion consists of alternating contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle in the walls of the GI tract to squeeze food downwards.

Esophagus

  • glands in the walls of the esophagus produces mucus, which keeps the passageway moist and helps food passing through
  • perstalsis begins here to move materials through GI tract

C-shaped about 10 in long

  • holds up to 1 gallon of food
  • Pepsinogen - breaks down proteins
  • the muscular walls of the stomach contract rapidly to break down and mix gastric juices and food together
  • food mixes with enzyms and HCL and broken down ino smaller pieces - called "chyme"
  • stomach acid also kills bacteria to protect the body
  • minimal absorption occurs

forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth and sometimes the nose.

Duodenum

  • first part of the small intestine
  • "Chyme" enters through a sphincter.

proteins and carbohydrates are only partially digested and lipid digestion has not begun

Pancreas

  • pancreas acts as enxocrine gland
  • also produces insulin

Enzymes

Liver

  • produces bile which is stored in the gallbladder
  • stores glucose
  • produces blood proteins

Small Intestine

  • average is 6 - 13 feet long and divided into three parts
  • bile breaks down fats and insulin breaks down carbohydrates
  • Chemicals neutralize stomach acids
  • some absorption of vitamins and minerals takes place

Large Intestine

  • also known as the colon
  • about 5 feet long and divided into 3 portions

the last 20cm of the larget intestine is the rectum

  • absorption of water and some other nutrients

Defecation

  • eliminating solid, semisolid or liquid waste material from the digestive tract - through the anus
  • stores glucose

opening in GI tract

Enzyme:

breaks starch into maltose

Vomiting

Stomach

The epiglottis closes the trachea

about 10in long

  • food passes from the pharynx to the stomach through this
  • muscualr tube
  • soft, triangular gland extends between spleen and duodenum
  • Pancreatic amylase
  • Trypsin
  • Lipase
  • final act of digestion
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